Project description:Examination of gene expression in several bladder cancer cell lines grown on either plastic, SIS (small intestine submucosa) gel or matrigel. A data table of normalized values is appended below. Data were normalized as described in detail by Knowlton N, Dozmorov IM, Centola M. Microarray Data Analysis Toolbox (MDAT): for normalization, adjustment and analysis of gene expression data. Bioinformatics. 2004 Dec 12;20(18):3687-90. In brief, the normalization method relies on a number of low expression genes to provide an estimate of non-specific binding. This information is then used to perform a Z transformation on the data. Once normalized the data are "unbiased" through robust linear regression to allow comparisons across different membranes. Keywords: other
Project description:We present a meta-dataset comprising of a total of 212 samples including both primary tumors and tumor-free bladder tissues from four independent GEO datasets. To minimise inter-platform variation, only datasets generated from the GPL570 platform (Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array) were processed to develop the meta-dataset. Using multiple open source R packages implemented in our previously developed bioinformatics pipeline, each dataset has been preprocessed with RMA normalisation, merged, and batch effect-corrected via Combat method. With increased sample size, the present meta-dataset serves an excellent 'discovery cohort' for discovering differentially expressed in diseased phenotype.
Project description:Characterization of the gene expression profiles of specific cell populations of the human urinary bladder provides an important set of research tools for the study of cellular differentiation and the cancer process. The transcriptome is a definitive identifier of each individual cell types. Surgically resected tissue was digested by collagenase and the different cell types were sorted by antibodies to cluster designation (CD) cell surface antigens. The sorted cells were analyzed by DNA microarrays. The transcriptome datasets were analyzed for differentially expressed genes and plotted on a principal components analysis space for cell lineage relationship. The following bladder cell types were analyzed: CD9+ urothelial, CD104+ basal, CD13+ stromal of lamina propria, CD9+ urothelial carcinoma cancer, and CD13+ urothelial carcinoma-associated stromal. Gene expression differences between the cell types of tumor and their respective non-cancer counterpart provide biomarker candidates. Basal cells of the bladder and prostate, although sharing CD cell surface markers, are quite different in overall gene expression. Furthermore, these cells lack transcript features of stem cell signature of embryonic stem or embryonal carcinoma cells. Cell type-specific transcriptomes are more informative than bulk tissue transcriptomes. The relatedness of different cell types can be determined by transcriptome dataset comparison. Bladder cell types were sorted from tissue specimens, and analyzed by DNA microarrays. The various transcriptomes were compared by principal components analysis for cell lineage relationship.
Project description:Bladder cancer, one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and a poor prognosis. The PIN1 phospho-dependent prolyl isomerase is frequently overexpressed in many human cancer types and affects tumor initiation and progression through disrupting the balance of oncoprotein and tumor suppressor protein signaling. However, the functional pSer/Thr.Pro protein substrates of PIN1 and its effects on downstream signaling in bladder carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Phenotypically, we discovered that ablation of Pin1 in human/mouse bladder cancer cells and organoids formed from mouse primary urothelial cells resulted in decreased cell proliferation, stemness maintenance, cell invasion, migration, urothelium clearance capacity, and reduced free/total cholesterol levels in vitro. Re-expressing Pin1 in Pin1 knockout cells reversed the defects caused by lack of Pin1. Moreover, in vivo subcutaneous xenograft and allograft transplantation mouse models combined with an orthotopic implantation model were utilized to confirm a positive role for Pin1 in controlling tumor growth and potential metastasis. Therapeutically, a combination of the sulfopin PIN1 inhibitor and the simvastatin HMGCR inhibitor was shown to suppress cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo synergistically. Mechanistically, we observed a negative enrichment of SREBP2-driven cholesterol metabolism pathways in PIN1 knockout cells via RNA-sequencing and used a suite of diverse molecular and biochemical approaches to show that PIN1 interacts with JNK-dependent phosphorylated SREBP2 (Ser455) and vice versa. These results indicate that active cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in bladder cancer cells is regulated by PIN1-mediated isomerization and JNK-mediated phosphorylation of its key transcriptional factor SREBP2. These findings emphasize that PIN1 can act as a regulator and potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
Project description:Tumor-associated blood vessels differ from normal vessels at the morphological and molecular level. Proteins that are only present on tumor vessels may serve as biomarkers and as therapeutic targets for inhibition of angiogenesis in cancer. Comparing the transcriptional profiles of blood vascular endothelium from human invasive bladder cancer and from normal bladder tissue, we found several markers that could serve as novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets. In this dataset, we include the expression data obtained from laser capture microdissected (LCM) vessels isolated from tumor and bladder normal tissue. 10 samples were analyzed. We compared expression of tumor associated blood vessels with expression of vessels in the normal bladder tissue using Genespring GX 12.
Project description:The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF112 exhibits significant downregulation in bladder cancer, correlating with disease progression and unfavorable prognosis. Experimental evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies indicates that RNF112 suppresses bladder cancer proliferation, migration, and lipid synthesis. Mechanistically, RNF112 interacts directly with the MBII domain of MYC through its N-terminal zinc finger motif. The catalytic site C97 of RNF112 facilitates K48-linked polyubiquitination of the K389 residue on the c-Myc protein, accelerating its degradation. The restoration of c-Myc expression has been shown to mitigate the inhibitory impacts of RNF112 on the growth, migration, and lipid synthesis of bladder cancer cells. Additionally, our research validates the interaction of c-Myc with the ACLY promoter, leading to an enhancement of its transcriptional activity. RNF112 exerts its inhibitory effects on lipid synthesis in bladder cancer through the regulation of c-Myc. In conclusion, RNF112 suppresses the proliferation, migration, and lipid synthesis of bladder cancer cells by facilitating the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of c-Myc.
Project description:Growing evidence has indicated that miR-193 is involved in the initiation and progression of malignancy, such as bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of miR-193 in the development of metastatic bladder cancer remains unknown. In the current study, we clarified the association of miR-193/N-myc was implicated in cancer metastasis. miR-193 expression increased in metastatic bladder cancer biopsies compared to the primary cases. Moreover, the elevation of miR-193 was correlated with the invasiveness, lymph node metastasis, and advanced stages of bladder cancer significantly. Downregulation of miR-193 by shRNA hampered proliferation and migration while inducing cell apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-193 sponged N-myc and diminished miR-103 expression. Overexpression of miR-193 released oncogene N-myc expression, leading to the promotion of cell proliferation and migration. Besides, knockout of miR-193 suppressed tumor growth in the human T24 mice models. Briefly, the present findings suggested that miR-193-N-myc were novel promising pathways for conquering bladder cancer progression.
Project description:Ten-Eleven Translocation 1 (TET1) is a member of methylcytosine dioxygenase, which catalyse 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) that promote the demethylation process. The diminished expression of TET1 protein and 5-hmC in many tumors indicate a critical role for the maintenance of cell stability. However, role of TET1 in bladder cancer development remains unclear. Here we found that TET1 expression was downregulated in bladder cancer tissues compared with normal urothelium and was inversely related to patient overall survival. TET1 silencing in bladder cancer cells increase proliferation and inhibited cell migration and invasion while its re-expression inhibits their proliferation and the growth of tumor xenografts. Furthermore, we found that TET1 binds to the promoter of the TSG to maintain its hypomethylated which interacts with β-catenin and suppress its nuclear translocation, thus inhibiting β-catenin transcriptional activity and downstream genes. In conclusion, TET1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in bladder cancer cells by suppressing β-catenin signaling. This study may facilitate efforts to therapeutic strategy for patients with bladder cancer.
Project description:We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation against a marker of active regulatory elements in bladder cancer cell lines to highlight regulatory regions specific to the bladder cancer genome. We then compared our dataset to other publicly available datasets to identify any novel, bladder-specific regulatory regions that also overlap with bladder-associated inherited polymorphisms. We used this procedure to determine that there is an intronic enhancer within the CCNE1 gene that binds KLF5 and modulates CCNE1 expression.
Project description:Tumor progression is related to both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Until relatively recently, epigenetic changes were thought to target single genes only but we show that in Bladder tumours, epigenetic changes can affect whole chromosomal regions, resulting in the silencing of all the genes within those regions. This phenomenon is probably very general, and has been described in bladder, colon, breast and prostate cancers. In order to investigate epigenetic landscape and potential alterations in bladder, we established the chromatin profiling of RT112 cell line by ChIPseq for the following marks : H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K27ac, H3K4me1, and CTCF.