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Comprehensive Phosphoproteomic Profiling Reveals Sex-Specific Regulatory Mechanisms in HrasG12V-Driven Hepatocarcinogenesis

ABSTRACT: To identify common and sex-specific phosphorylation dynamics during hepatocarcinogenesis in Hras12V transgenic mice (Ras-Tg). We constructed a phosphoproteomic database using male/female tumor (MT/FT), precancerous (MP/FP), and wild-type liver tissues (MW/FW) from Ras-Tg, validated via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Comparative analysis and hierarchical clustering were employed to delineate shared and sex-stratified phosphorylation signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. PRM-validated phosphoproteomic profiling quantified 5,410 phosphorylation sites across 2,427 proteins. Analysis of common features revealed nuclear-enriched phosphoprotein accumulation in tumors versus precancerous/wild-type tissues (T vs P/W). KEGG pathway analysis identified consistently dysregulated pathways including MAPK signaling, focal adhesion, and protein digestion/absorption. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of shared phosphoproteins pinpointed key regulators (Alb, Hspa5, Psn). Sex-specific analyses demonstrated distinct phosphorylation patterns: males exhibited extensive membrane protein phosphorylation alterations, while females showed predominant cytoplasmic modifications. KEGG pathway mapping revealed male-biased dysregulation in Ras signaling, mTOR pathways, and actin cytoskeleton regulation. Functional annotation indicated greater complexity of phosphorylated proteins in males. Notably, kinase/phosphatase activity-related phosphorylation events were more prevalent in males, suggesting enhanced phosphorylation-mediated signaling dynamics. This study establishes the first sexual dimorphism-aware phosphoproteomic resource for Ras-driven hepatocarcinogenesis, systematically characterizing conserved and sex-divergent phosphorylation networks. The findings provide mechanistic insights into gender disparities in HCC progression and potential therapeutic targeting.

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus

SUBMITTER: Huiling Li

PROVIDER: PXD067725 | iProX | Tue Aug 26 00:00:00 BST 2025

REPOSITORIES: iProX

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Project description:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and a highly malignant tumor. The frequent activation of Ras signaling pathway and the male prevalence are the distinct characteristics of HCC though the underlying mechanisms remain elucidated. By exploring a mouse model of HCC induced by hepatocyte-specific expression of the Hras12V oncogene and showed significant male prevalence in hepatic tumorigenesis, we performed a high-throughput comparative proteomic analysis based on tandem-mass-tag (TMT) labeling combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on the protein samples from hepatic tumor tissues (T) and peri-tumor tissues (P) of transgenic males and females and the corresponding normal liver tissues (W) of non-transgenic males and females. In total, 5733 proteins were confidently identified, of which 5193 proteins were quantified. Finally, 1344 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (quantified in all examined samples; 1.5 ≤ quantitative ratios ≤ 0.67; p ≤ 0.05) were selected for further analysis. Vertical comparison within W, P, T of males and females, respectively, showed that the numbers of DEPs in males were much higher than females. Bioinformatics analyses showed the common and unique cluster enriched items between sexes which indicates the common and gender disparity pathways towards HCC. Further expression change pattern analysis revealed HCC positive/negative-related and Ras oncogene positive/negative-related DEPs. Horizontal comparison between males and females showed that Ras oncogene gradually and significantly reduced the responses to sex hormones from hepatocytes to hepatoma cells and therefore shrunk their gender disparity, which may contribute to the cause of the loss of HCC clinical responses to the therapeutic approaches targeting sex hormone pathways. Additionally, FABP5 was found to be a more sensitive biomarker for clinical diagnose and prognosis prediction of HCC patients comparing to AFP. In conclusion, the present study firstly provided a comprehensive proteome profiles and novel insights in male bias hepatic tumorigenesis induced by H-ras12V oncogene.

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Comprehensive Phosphoproteomic Profiling Reveals Sex-Specific Regulatory Mechanisms in HrasG12V-Driven Hepatocarcinogenesis

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