Tetraselmis chuii proteome under nonylphynol treatment
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Tetraselmis Chuii
SUBMITTER: 
Tiangang Luan
PROVIDER: PXD073826 | iProX | Fri Jan 30 00:00:00 GMT 2026
REPOSITORIES: iProX
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Project description:<p>Anthropogenic chemicals pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems by targeting the microalgal photosynthetic engines that drive primary production. Although the toxic effects of pollutants such as nonylphenol (NP) are well-acknowledged, the molecular mechanisms enabling microalgal resilience remain largely unknown. Here, we integrate multi-omics analyses with physiochemical assays to decipher the dynamic molecular blueprint of photosystem - mediated resilience in the green microalga Tetraselmis chuii under NP stress. We demonstrated that resilience is not a passive defense mechanism, but rather an active and energy-intensive restructuring of the photosynthetic apparatus. This strategy involves a strategic trade-off of a coordinated sacrifice of light-harvesting antennae with a persistent low chlorophyll b/a ratio to protect photosynthetic core complexes. This response is accompanied by a substantial metabolic shift from heme to chlorophyll biosynthesis, enhanced production of high energy carriers (NPDPH and ATP), and increased carbon fixation to support repair processes. Multiple interconnected photoprotective strategies are employed against reactive oxygen species, including chlorophyll breakdown, coordinated upregulation of carotenoid and α-tocopherol, and photosystem II subunit S - dependent nonphotochemical quenching. The understanding of microalgal resilience under chemical stress provides critical implications for assessing aquatic ecosystem health, guiding microalgae-based bioremediation, and informing global risk assessments of emerging contaminants.</p>
2026-01-29 | MTBLS13769 | MetaboLights
Project description:Photosynthesis, the fundamental process using light energy to convert carbon dioxide to organic matter, is vital for life on Earth. It relies on capturing light through light-harvesting complexes (LHC) in photosystem I (PSI) and PSII and on the conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Composition and organization of PSI and PSII core complexes are well conserved across evolution. PSII is particularly sensitive to photodamage but benefits from a large diversity of photoprotective mechanisms, finely tuned to handle the dynamic and ever-changing light conditions. Light Harvesting Complex protein family members (LHC and LHC-like families) have acquired a dual function during evolution. Members of the LHC antenna complexes of PS capture light energy, whereas others dissipate excess energy that cannot be harnessed for photosynthesis. This process mainly occurs through nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). In this work, we focus on the Light Harvesting complex-Like 4 (LHL4) protein, a LHC-like protein induced by ultraviolet-B (UV-B) and blue light through UV Resistance locus 8 (UVR8) and phototropin photoreceptor-activated signaling pathways in the model green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We demonstrate that alongside established NPQ effectors, LHL4 plays a key role in photoprotection, preventing singlet oxygen accumulation in PSII and promoting cell survival upon light stress. LHL4 protective function is distinct from that of NPQ-related proteins, as LHL4 specifically and uniquely binds to the transient monomeric form of the core PSII complex, safeguarding its integrity. LHL4 characterization expands our understanding of the interplay between light harvesting and photoprotection mechanisms upon light stress in photosynthetic microalgae.
2025-01-28 | GSE255943 | GEO
Project description:We have studied the transcriptional, metabolic and photo-physiological responses to light of different spectral quality in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum through time-series studies of cultures exposed to equal doses of photosynthetically usable radiation of blue, green and red light. The experiments showed that short-term differences in gene expression and profiles are mainly light quality-dependent. Transcription of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes was activated mainly through a light quality-independent mechanism likely to rely on chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling. In contrast, genes encoding proteins important for photoprotection and PSII repair were highly dependent on a blue light receptor-mediated signal. Changes in energy transfer efficiency by light-harvesting pigments were spectrally dependent; furthermore, a declining trend in photosynthetic efficiency was observed in red light. The combined results suggest that diatoms possess a light quality-dependent ability to activate photoprotection and efficient repair of photodamaged PSII. In spite of approximately equal numbers of PSII-absorbed quanta in blue, green and red light, the spectral quality of light is important for diatom responses to ambient light conditions.
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Project description:CpFTSY is a component of the chloroplast signal recognition particle (CpSRP) pathway that post-translationally targets light-harvesting complex proteins (LHCPs) to the photosynthetic (thylakoid) membranes in plants and green algae containing chloroplasts derived from primary endosymbiosis. In plants, CpFTSY also plays a major role in co-translational incorporating of chloroplast encoded subunits of photosynthetic complexes to the thylakoids. This role has not been demonstrated in green algae. So far, its function in organisms with chloroplasts derived from secondary endosymbiotic events has not been elucidated. Here, we report the generation and characterization of mutants lacking CpFTSY in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We found that this protein is not involved in inserting LHCPs into thylakoid membranes, indicating that the post-translational part of the CpSRP pathway is not active in this group of microalgae, consistent with earlier reports. However, a strong decline of the PsaC subunit of PSI indicates a role for CpFTSY in the co-translational CpSRP pathway in diatoms. Its absence leads to a very similar phenotype as the one previously described for diatoms lacking CpSRP54. Both cpftsy and cpsrp54 mutants display an increased level of photoprotection, low electron transport rates, inefficient repair of PSII, reduced growth and an upregulation of proteins compensating for a non-functional co-translational CpSRP pathway during light stress conditions.
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Project description:Comparative Study of Phycoerythrobilin Synthases for Fine-Tuning Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Complexes, Phycobilisomes
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Project description:Linear tetrapyrrole (bilin)-based phytochrome sensors optimize photosynthetic light capture by mediating massive gene reprogramming in land plants, yet surprisingly, many sequenced chlorophyte (green) algae lack phytochrome genes. Previous studies on the heme oxygenase (hmox1) mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii suggest that bilin biosynthesis in plastids is needed for regulation of a limited nuclear gene network implicated in oxygen detoxification during dark to light transitions. The hmox1 mutant is unable to grow photoautotrophically and poorly acclimates to increased illumination even in the presence of acetate. Here we show that these phenotypes reflect the reduced accumulation of PSI reaction centers as well as a loss of PSI and PSII antennae complexes during photoacclimation. Phenotypically, the hmox1 mutant is similar to the chlorophyll biosynthesis mutants, gun4, crd1 and cth1. However, many of the hmox1 phenotypes can be rescued by the application of exogenous biliverdin IXα, the bilin product of HMOX1; this rescue is independent of photosynthesis but strongly dependent upon blue light. RNA-Seq comparisons of hmox1, 4A+ wild type and two genetically complemented lines also reveal that bilins restore regulation of a small network of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes. These include genes responsible for chlorophyll biosynthesis (CHLI1/2), PSI light-harvesting (LHCA4) and naphthoquinone metabolism (MEN2), all of which show reduced photoinduction in the hmox1 mutant. We propose that a bilin-based, blue light sensory system is responsible for the maintenance of a functional photosynthetic apparatus in light-grown C. reinhardtii. This critical and possibly ancestral role for bilins may be responsible for retention of bilin biosynthesis in all eukaryotic photosynthetic species.
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Project description:Algal photo-bio hydrogen production, a promising method for producing clean and renewable fuel in the form of hydrogen gas, has been studied extensively over the last few decades. In this study, microarray analyses were used to obtain a global expression profile of mRNA abundance in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at five different time points before the onset and during the course of sulphur depleted hydrogen production. The present work confirms previous findings on the impacts of sulphur deprivation but also provides new insights into photosynthesis, sulphur assimilation and carbon metabolism under sulphur starvation towards hydrogen production. For instance, while a general trend towards repression of transcripts encoding photosynthetic genes was observed, the abundance of Lhcbm9 (encoding a major light harvesting polypeptide) and LhcSR1 (encoding a chlorophyll binding protein) was strongly elevated throughout the experiment, suggesting remodeling of the photosystem II light harvesting complex as well as an important function of Lhcbm9 under sulphur starvation. This study presents the first global transcriptional analysis of C. reinhardtii during hydrogen production using five major time points at Peak Oxygen, Mid Oxygen, Zero Oxygen, Mid Hydrogen and Peak Hydrogen. Keywords: Time course, sulfur deprivation, hydrogen production.
2008-10-28 | GSE9165 | GEO
Project description:Photosynthesis, the fundamental process using light energy to convert CO2 to organic matter, is vital for life on Earth. It relies on capturing light through light-harvesting complexes in photosystems I and II and converting light energy into chemical energy. Composition and organization of photosystem core complexes are well conserved across evolution, and are highly susceptible to photodamage. Consequently, a large diversity of photoprotective mechanisms have evolved in photoautotrophs, finely tuned for the specific light conditions. Light Harvesting Complex protein family (LHC and LHC-like families) have acquired a dual function during evolution. Members of the LHC antenna complexes of photosystems capture light energy whereas others dissipate excess energy that cannot be harnessed for photosynthesis. This process mainly occurs through non photochemical quenching (NPQ). In this work, we focus on the LHL4 protein, which is induced by UV-B and blue light photoreceptor signaling pathways in the model green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Our work demonstrates that alongside established NPQ effectors, LHL4 plays a key role in photoprotection, preventing singlet oxygen accumulation in photosystem II and thereby promoting cell survival upon light stress. LHL4 protective function is distinct from that of NPQ-related proteins, since it directly binds to the transient monomeric form of the core photosystem II complex, safeguarding its integrity. Our LHL4 characterization expands our understanding of the interplay between light harvesting and photoprotection mechanisms upon light stress in photosynthetic microalgae.
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Project description:Chlamydomonas, a green algae, is known to respond to changes in light intensity by altering its protein expression. In low light conditions, Chlamydomonas increases the expression of photosynthetic genes and the proteins they encode, including the light-harvesting complexes and the reaction center proteins. This allows the algae to maximize its ability to capture light and perform photosynthesis efficiently. On the other hand, under high light conditions, Chlamydomonas reduces the expression of these photosynthetic genes to avoid photoinhibition and damage to the photosynthetic machinery. Instead, it increases the expression of stress response genes and the corresponding proteins, such as antioxidant enzymes, which protect the algae from the harmful effects of excess light. In addition, Chlamydomonas also modulates its expression of other genes and proteins, such as those involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, in response to changes in light intensity. This helps the algae to maintain a balance between energy production and utilization, ensuring its survival and growth under different light conditions. Overall, the ability of Chlamydomonas to modulate its protein expression in response to changes in light intensity is an important mechanism for adapting to its environment and ensuring its survival and growth.
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