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Identification of novel kinases of Tau using fluorescence complementation mass spectrometry (FCMS)

ABSTRACT: Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau is a major hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Understanding the protein kinases that phosphorylate Tau is critical for the development of new drugs that target Tau phosphorylation. At present, the repertoire of the Tau kinases remains incomplete, and methods to uncover novel upstream protein kinases are still limited. Here, we apply our newly developed proteomic strategy, fluorescence complementation mass spectrometry (FCMS), to identify novel kinase candidates of Tau. By constructing Tau- and kinase-fluorescent fragment library, we detected 59 Tau-associated kinases, including 23 known kinases of Tau and 36 novel candidate kinases. In the validation phase using in vitro phosphorylation, four kinase candidates, OXSR1, DAPK2, CSK, and ZAP70, displayed the ability to phosphorylate Tau. Furthermore, co-expression of these four kinases along with Tau increased the phosphorylation of Tau in human neuroglioma H4 cells. Taken together, we demonstrate the proteomic strategy to systematically identify potential kinases that can phosphorylate Tau in cells. Our discovery of new candidate kinases of Tau can present new opportunities for developing AD therapeutic strategies.

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

SUBMITTER: W. Andy Tao

PROVIDER: PXD036954 | JPOST Repository | Sat Sep 23 00:00:00 BST 2023

REPOSITORIES: jPOST

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Identification of novel kinases of Tau using fluorescence complementation mass spectrometry (FCMS)

Project description:Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau is a major hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Understanding the protein kinases that phosphorylate Tau is critical for the development of new drugs that target Tau phosphorylation. At present, the repertoire of the Tau kinases remains incomplete, and methods to uncover novel upstream protein kinases are still limited. Here, we apply our newly developed proteomic strategy, fluorescence complementation mass spectrometry (FCMS), to identify novel kinase candidates of Tau. By constructing Tau- and kinase-fluorescent fragment library, we detected 59 Tau-associated kinases, including 23 known kinases of Tau and 36 novel candidate kinases. In the validation phase using in vitro phosphorylation, four kinase candidates, OXSR1, DAPK2, CSK, and ZAP70, displayed the ability to phosphorylate Tau. Furthermore, co-expression of these four kinases along with Tau increased the phosphorylation of Tau in human neuroglioma H4 cells. Taken together, we demonstrate the proteomic strategy to systematically identify potential kinases that can phosphorylate Tau in cells. Our discovery of new candidate kinases of Tau can present new opportunities for developing AD therapeutic strategies.

2023-07-21 | PXD035462 | JPOST Repository

Identification of novel kinases of Tau using fluorescence complementation mass spectrometry (FCMS)

Project description:Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau is a major hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Understanding the protein kinases that phosphorylate Tau is critical for the development of new drugs that target Tau phosphorylation. At present, the repertoire of the Tau kinases remains incomplete, and methods to uncover novel upstream protein kinases are still limited. Here, we apply our newly developed proteomic strategy, fluorescence complementation mass spectrometry (FCMS), to identify novel kinase candidates of Tau. By constructing Tau- and kinase-fluorescent fragment library, we detected 59 Tau-associated kinases, including 23 known kinases of Tau and 36 novel candidate kinases. In the validation phase using in vitro phosphorylation, 17 candidate kinases were successfully expressed and purified, and four candidate kinases, OXSR1, DAPK2, CSK, and ZAP70, displayed the ability to phosphorylate Tau. Furthermore, co-expression of these four kinases along with Tau increased the phosphorylation of Tau in human neuroglioma H4 cells. We demonstrate that FCMS is a powerful proteomic strategy to systematically identify potential kinases that can phosphorylate Tau in cells. Our discovery of new candidate kinases of Tau can present new opportunities for developing AD therapeutic strategies.

2022-11-10 | PXD036956 | JPOST Repository

TBK1 interacts with tau and enhances neurodegeneration in tauopathy

Project description:One of the defining pathological features of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Aberrant activation of kinases in AD has been suggested to enhance phosphorylation and toxicity of tau, making the responsible tau kinases attractive therapeutic targets. The full complement of tau interacting kinases in AD brain and their activity in disease remains incompletely defined. Here, immunoaffinity enrichment coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) identified TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) as a tau-interacting partner in human AD cortical brain tissues. We validated this interaction in human AD, familial frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) caused by mutations in MAPT (R406W & P301L) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) postmortem brain tissues as well as human cell lines. Further, we document increased TBK1 activation in both AD and FTDP-17 and map TBK1 phosphorylation sites on tau based on in vitro kinase assays coupled to MS. Lastly, in a Drosophila tauopathy model, activating expression of a conserved TBK1 ortholog triggers tau hyperphosphorylation and enhanced neurodegeneration, whereas knockdown had the reciprocal effect, suppressing tau toxicity. Collectively, our findings suggest that increased TBK1 activation may promote tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal loss in AD and related tauopathies.

2022-03-01 | PXD025301 | Pride

Quantitative phosphoproteomics uncovers dysregulated kinase networks in Alzheimer’s disease

Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of dementia characterized by amyloid-β plaques and Tau neurofibrillary tangles that progressively disrupt neural circuits in the brain. Using mass spectrometry, we performed a combined analysis of the tyrosine, serine, and threonine phosphoproteome, and proteome of post-mortem brain tissue from AD patients and aged matched controls. We used a data-centric approach to identify co-correlated signaling networks associated with cellular and pathological changes. We identified two independent pathology clusters that were associated with Tau and oligodendrocyte pathologies. We observed phosphorylation sites on known Tau-kinases as well as other novel signaling factors that were associated with these clusters. Together, these results build a map of pathology-associated phosphorylation signaling activation events occurring in AD.

2021-05-25 | PXD020087 | Pride

Genetic ablation of Dicer in adult forebrain neurons results in abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration

Project description:The type III RNase Dicer is responsible for the maturation and function of microRNA (miRNA) molecules in the cell. It is now well documented that Dicer and the fine-tuning of the miRNA gene network are important for neuronal integrity. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in neuronal death, particularly in the adult brain, remain poorly defined. Here, we show that absence of Dicer in the adult forebrain is accompanied by a mixed neurodegenerative phenotype. While neuronal loss is observed in the hippocampus, cellular shrinkage is predominant in the cortex. Interestingly, neuronal degeneration coincides with the hyperphosphorylation of endogenous tau at several epitopes previously associated with neurofibrillary pathology. Transcriptome analysis of enzymes involved in tau phosphorylation identified ERK1 as one of the candidate kinases responsible for this event in vivo. We further demonstrate that miRNAs belonging to the miR-15 family are potent regulators of ERK1 expression in mouse neuronal cells and co-expressed with ERK1/2 in vivo. Last, we show that miR-15a is specifically downregulated in Alzheimer’s disease brain. In sum, these results support the hypothesis that changes in the miRNA network may contribute to a neurodegenerative phenotype by affecting tau phosphorylation. Dicer KO vs. control

2010-08-28 | E-GEOD-23847 | biostudies-arrayexpress

L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation via RSKs, downstream effectors of the MAPK/ERK pathway, in (breast) cancer cells (and in vitro)

Project description:Deregulated cell migration and invasion, which are hallmarks of metastatic cancer cells, are correlated to structural and functional alterations of the actin cytoskeleton associated to a large panel of actin-binding proteins. Among these, the actin-bundling protein L-plastin, initially detected in leukocytes, is ectopically expressed in several solid tumours and is often considered as a metastatic marker. Phosphorylation of L-plastin on residue serine 5 (Ser5) has been shown to activate L-plastin and to be crucial for invasion and metastasis formation. Here, we investigate the signalling pathway leading to L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in four breast cancer cell lines. Whole genome microarray analysis comparing cell lines with different invasive capacities and corresponding L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation levels revealed that genes of the MAPK/ERK pathway are differentially expressed. In line, in vitro kinase assays showed that MAPK/ERK pathway downstream kinases RSK1 and RSK2 are able to directly phosphorylate L-plastin on Ser5. In parallel to a knockdown approach, activation and inhibition studies of signalling molecules of the MAPK/ERK pathway, followed by computational modelling analysis, confirmed that RSK is an important activator of L-plastin in all four studied cell lines. Finally and rounding up our study, RSK knockdown significantly impaired migratory and invasive capacities of a selected invasive cell line, thus consolidating RSK as a promising therapeutic target in certain invasive carcinomas. Altogether, our data provide substantial evidence that the MAPK/ERK pathway is involved in L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells with its downstream kinases RSK1 and RSK2 being able to directly phosphorylate L-plastin on Ser5.

2016-03-26 | E-MTAB-3487 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Distinct amyloid-b and tau associated microglia profiles in Alzheimer's disease

Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterized by abnormal extracellular aggregates of amyloid-b and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated, tau tangles and neuropil threads. Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), are important for CNS homeostasis and implicated in AD pathology. In amyloid mouse models, a phagocytic/activated microglia phenotype has been identified. How increasing levels of amyloid-b and tau pathology affect human microglia transcriptional profiles is unknown. Here, we performed snRNAseq on 482,472 nuclei from non-demented control brains and AD brains containing only amyloid-b plaques or both amyloid-b plaques and tau pathology. Within the microglia population, distinct expression profiles were identified of which two were AD pathology-associated. The phagocytic/activated AD1-microglia population abundance strongly correlated with tissue amyloid-b load and localized to amyloid-b plaques. The AD2-microglia abundance strongly correlated with tissue phospho-tau load and these microglia were more abundant in samples with over tau pathology. This full characterization of human disease associated microglia phenotypes provides new insights in the pathophysiological role of microglia in AD and offers new targets for microglia-state-specific therapeutic strategies.

2021-02-20 | GSE148822 | GEO

Sildenafil as a candidate drug for Alzheimer’s disease: Real-world patient data observation and mechanistic observations from patient-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons.

Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease needing effective therapeutics urgently. Sildenafil, one of the approved phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, has been implicated as having potential beneficial effect in AD. We showed that sildenafil usage is associated with reduced likelihood of AD across four new drug compactor cohorts, including bumetanide, furosemide, spironolactone, and nifedipine. For instance, sildenafil usage is associated with a 54% reduced prevalence of AD in MarketScan® (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.46, 95% CI 0.32-0.66) and a 30% reduced prevalence of AD in Clinformatics® (HR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.49-1.00) compared to spironolactone. We found that sildenafil treatment significantly reduced tau hyper-phosphorylation (pTau181, pTau205) in a dose-dependent manner in both familial and sporadic AD patient derived neurons. Further RNA-seq data analysis of sildenafil-treated AD patient iPSC-derived neurons revealed that sildenafil specifically targeting AD related genes and molecular pathways involved in axon guidance, AD-presenilin, neurogenesis, neurodegeneration, synaptic dysregulation, vascular smooth muscle contraction (VSMC) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway, mechanistically supporting the potential beneficial effect of sildenafil in AD. These real-world patient data validation and mechanistic observations from patient iPSC-derived neurons further suggested that sildenafil is a potential repurposable drug for AD. However, randomized clinical trials are required to validate sildenafil as a potential treatment of AD.

2024-02-05 | GSE254742 | GEO

Proteomics of human tau-transgenic mice reveals protein modules associated with tau pathologies

Project description:Abnormally accumulated tau protein aggregates are one of the hallmarks of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and are believed to play a critical role in neurodegeneration. In order to investigate proteomic alteration driven by tau aggregates, we implemented quantitative proteomics to analyze disease model mice expressing human MAPTP301S transgene (hTau-Tg) and quantified more than 9,000 proteins in total. We applied the weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) algorithm to the datasets and explored protein co-expression modules that were associated with the accumulation of tau aggregates and were preserved in proteomes of AD brains. This led us to identify four modules with functions related to neuroinflammatory responses, mitochondrial energy production processes (including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation), cholesterol biosynthesis, and postsynaptic density. Furthermore, a phosphoproteomics study uncovered phosphorylation sites that were highly correlated with these modules. Our datasets represent resources for understanding the molecular basis of tau-induced neurodegeneration, including AD.

2022-07-05 | PXD031129 | JPOST Repository

SIRT6-CBP dependent Nuclear Tau Accumulation and its Role in Protein Synthesis.

Project description:Several neurodegenerative diseases present Tau accumulation as the main pathological marker. Tau post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation are increased in neurodegenerative patients. Here, we show that Tau hyper-acetylation at residue 174 increases its own nuclear presence and is the result of DNA damage signaling or the lack of SIRT6, both causative of neurodegeneration. Tau-K174ac is deacetylated in the nucleus by SIRT6. However, lack of SIRT6 or chronic DNA damage result in nuclear Tau-K174ac accumulation. Once there, it induces global changes in gene expression affecting protein translation, synthesis and energy production. Concomitantly, AD patients showed increased Nucleolin and a decrease in SIRT6 levels. AD patients present increased levels of nuclear Tau, particularly Tau-K174ac. Our results suggest that increased Tau-K174ac in AD patients is the result of DNA damage signaling and SIRT6 depletion. We propose that Tau-K174ac toxicity is due to its increased stability, nuclear accumulation and nucleolar dysfunction.

2021-04-02 | GSE171342 | GEO

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