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Regional Immunological and Microbial Characterization of Peyer's Patches in the Small Intestine of Bactrian Camels

ABSTRACT:

Background: Our earlier research showed that Bactrian camels have a unique lymph aggregation structure that is similar to ileal Peyer's patches (PPs) and plays a role in the mucosal immunology of the digestive tract. However, Bactrian camels exhibit PPs not only in the ileum but also in all segments of the small intestine, with the colonization flora and metabolite characteristics of these PPs in these regions remaining unclear.

Method: In this study, the microbiota and metabolism of 36 intestinal PPs samples, including duodenal (D-PPs), jejunal (J-PPs) and ileal PPs (I-PPs) were profiled for six Bactrian camels using 16Sr RNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). To further investigate, we utilized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA) to analyze the levels of IgA, IgG and IgM in the same tissues.

Results: A total of 11,063 distinct microbial amplicon sequence variations (ASVs) were detected. Among these ASVs, Out of these ASVs, 108 showed significant differences between D-PPs and J-PPs, 122 ASVs showed significant differences between D-PPs and I-PPs, and 20 ASVs were found to be different between I-PPs and J-PPs. On another hand, a total of 1006 metabolites were discovered. There were 191 metabolic differentiators between D-PPs and J-PPs, 193 between D-PPs and I-PPs and 6 between I-PPs and J-PPs. Those metabolites are mostly composed of amino acids and their derivatives. They are involved in the metabolism of histidine, arginine and proline, as well as the creation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan.

Conclusions: The microflora and metabolite characteristics of D-PPs in Bactrian camel were significantly different from those of J-PPs and I-PPs, while the microflora and metabolite characteristics of J-PPs and I-PPs were similar, which was the same distribution trend of intestinal secretory antibodies. This study provides new evidence for further study of segmental regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal immunity in Bactrian camels.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - hilic, Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - hilic

PROVIDER: MTBLS10376 | MetaboLights | 2024-11-11

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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Project description:Objective: Reg3g has been proposed to have a protective role against infection due to its bactericidal effect on Gram-positive bacteria, but evidence from in vivo studies is lacking. Therefore we generated a Reg3g-/- mouse, to determine its role in intestinal homeostasis and protection against experimental infection. Methods: Reg3g-/- mice were phenotyped using histological methods and a range of innate and immune markers. To investigate the antimicrobial role of Reg3g we experimentally infected mice with Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes and Gram-negative Salmonella entertitidis and measured translocated bacteria, mucosal and systemic markers of infection. Results: Reg3g-/- mice display altered ileal mucus distribution and increased bacterial contact with the epithelium. , concomitant with This increased the inflammatory status in of the ileal mucosa and increased expression of Il-22, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and serum chemokines in serum. In response to infection, Reg3g-/- mice showed transcriptome changes and elevated levels of mucosal MPO in the ileum, but no increased bacterial translocation to the organs. Conclusions: Reg3g is equally distributed throughout the mucus of wild type (wt) mice and its absence results in an altered distribution of the ileal mucus. Reg3g deficiency also results resulted in increased bacterial contact with the epithelium and heightened inflammatory responses in the ileal mucosa. We propose that Reg3g binds pathogens suggesting it and contributes to mucus barrier function by ensnaring bacteria. Compared to wt mice, Reg3g-/- mice infected with S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes show an increase of mucosal inflammatory markers indicating the protective, anti-microbial roles of Reg3g in defence against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. This study was set up according to a one-treatment, one-control design; treatments were inoculation with either Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella enteritidis bacterial pathogens. The study results contain transcriptional profiles from infected and sham-infected control C57Bl/6 mice. In total, this study includes data from 2 treatments and 1 control of (pooled) wild-type C57Bl/6 mice and Reg3g-/- KO mutant C57Bl/6 mice = 6 arrays.

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Regional Immunological and Microbial Characterization of Peyer's Patches in the Small Intestine of Bactrian Camels

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