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Epichloë gansuensis symbiosis-induced shifts in root exudation promotes the growth of Achnatherum inebrians via enhancing synergistic effects by beneficial bacteria

ABSTRACT:

Plant-associated microorganisms can be found in various plant niches and plays an important role in the response to environmental stress. For example, foliar fungal endophytes are known for their ability to increase host resistance to insect pests, fungal pathogens and drought. However, understanding of the effects of Epichloë endophytes on the assembly and ecological function of phyllosphere and rhizosphere-associated microorganisms under long-term cultivation remains fragmentary. The research presented in our manuscript systematically studied response of Achnatherum inebrians infected by endophyte (Epichloë gansuensis) to long-term cultivation. Five-year field trials demonstrated that E. gansuensis endophyte significantly increased host plant coverage. It revealed that Epichloë endophyte-infected plants recruits beneficial Microvirga species involved in soil carbon and nitrogen cycles by exudating key metabolites (i.e., 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid) to help the host obtain nutrients, thereby promoting plant growth. Moreover, in vitro test experiments further demonstrated that key metabolite could enhance plant growth by promoting Microvirga enrichment.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse phase, Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse phase

PROVIDER: MTBLS13280 | MetaboLights | 2025-11-07

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS13280_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS13280_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS13280_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular
	m_MTBLS13280_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular

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Project description:Inoculation of endophyte-free (E-) Theobroma cacao leaves with Colletotrichum tropicale (E+), the dominant foliar fungal endophyte in healthy T. cacao, induced significant changes in the expression of hundreds of host genes. Further, E+ leaves exhibit enhanced pathogen resistance, increased lignin and cellulose content, reduced maximum rates of photosynthesis (Amax), and enrichment of nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 isotopes that all correspond to the changes in expression of specific functional genes in related pathways. Moreover, a cacao gene highly up-regulated in E+ leaves increases pathogen resistance apart from any direct endophyte effects. Thus, benefits of increased pathogen resistance in E+ plants are partially due to enhanced induction of intrinsic host defense pathways, and potential costs include reduced photosynthetic capacity and endophyte metabolism of host tissues. Similar effects are likely to be properties of most plant-endophyte interactions, suggesting general relevance to the design and interpretation of studies of genetic and phenotypic expression in plants. The objective of this experiment was to identify Theobroma cacao genes that are differentially expressed between leaves inoculated with fungal endophyte Colletotrichum tropicale (E+ leaves) and control un-inoculated leaves (E- leaves) 3 days post endophyte inoculation. The experiment was conducted in a Percival growth chamber (model I35LL, 115 volts, 1/4 Hp, series: 8503122.16, Percival Scientific, Inc., Perry IA) with 12/12 h light/dark photoperiod and temperatures of 30M-BM-:C and 26M-BM-:C respectively. Inoculation was done by aspersion of endophyte spores (2X10^6 spore/ml) to a group of T. cacao seedlings and a second group of seedlings were maintained as control un-inoculated (E- leaves). Then three biological replicates (each one consisting of one leaf from different plants) per treatment E+ and four leaves per treatment E- leaves) were collected and processed for a two color oligo microarray analysis.

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Epichloë gansuensis symbiosis-induced shifts in root exudation promotes the growth of Achnatherum inebrians via enhancing synergistic effects by beneficial bacteria

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