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A novel micro-voltage driven fungal system for simultaneous removal of microplastics, antibiotics, and heavy metals

ABSTRACT:

Microplastics, antibiotics, and heavy metals are co-occurring pollutants in wastewater, posing significant environmental risks and potential threats to human health. However, there is currently no effective wastewater treatment method for this type of combined pollution. This study establishes a novel dual-chamber fungal system by leveraging fungi’s remarkable capacity to degrade multiple pollutants in complex environments and their responsiveness to micro-voltage stimulation. Following treatment with this system, up to 84.28±2.85% of enrofloxacin (ENR) and 95.52±1.77% of Pb were removed. Meanwhile, under the trapping effect of fungal mycelium, more than 95% of polypropylene, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride microplastics distributed in different water layer areas were removed. Multi-omics analysis revealed that micro-voltage enhanced fungal energy, amino acid, and cofactor metabolism, thereby altering fungal surface structural properties and increasing extracellular oxidase activity. These alterations improved the entrapment and aging of microplastics by fungal, while simultaneously promoting the decomposition of ENR and the mineralization/adsorption of Pb on the fungal surface. Furthermore, experiments conducted in genuine wastewater confirmed the stability and security of the micro-voltage driven fungal system under practical operating conditions, including organic load and ammonia nitrogen shocks. This study offers novel insights and promising avenues for addressing combined pollution.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phase, Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phase

PROVIDER: MTBLS13609 | MetaboLights | 2026-01-05

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS13609_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS13609_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS13609_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular
	m_MTBLS13609_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular

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Project description:Plastics are one of the most preoccupying emerging pollutants. Macroplastics released in the environment degrade into microplastics and nanoplastics. Because of their small size, these micro and nano plastic particles can enter the food chain and, in addition to their ecotoxicological effects, contaminate humans with still poorly known biological effects. Plastics being particulate pollutants, they are handled in the human body by scavenger cells such as macrophages, which are important players in the immune system. Because of all the potential problems, it is advocated to replace fossil fuel-based plastics by bio-based and bio-degradable plastics, among which poly-hydroxyalkanoates are the most promising. However, the effects of these on mammalian cells are even less known than those of fossil fuel-based plastics. We therefore designed a study aiming at investigating the effects of polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles on macrophages. Indeed, being a plastic, PLA is known to fragment and liberate micro and nanoparticles, exactly as conventional plastics. These particles will be internalized by macrophages and may induce functional consequences on these cells. Proteomics showed important adaptive changes of the proteome in response to exposure to PLA, and several important pathways such as mitochondrion, lysosomes or endoplasmic reticulum were highlighted by the proteomic analysis. However, validation experiments showed that most of these changes were homeostatic and allowed the cells to keep these functions unaltered. When the inflammatory response was examined, no major increase in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor or interleukin 6 was observed. However, the secretion of these cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide was altered after exposure to PLA. The production of interleukin 6 was decreased, while the production of tumor necrosis factor, showing a complex alteration of cellular responses after exposure to PLA nanoparticles. In conclusion, these results provide a better understanding of the responses of macrophages to exposure to the biodegradable PLA nanoparticles.

Project description:Air pollutants including particulate matter (PM) and chemicals adsorbed onto PM pose a serious threat to human health. In this study, we analyzed the ability of PM to induce diverse gene expression profile modulation after chronic exposure in subjects living in two regions of the Czech Republic differing in levels and sources of the air pollution. We also considered impact of different seasonal conditions on concentrations and compositions of PM. Blood samples of 312 subjects from polluted Ostrava city and 154 controls from Prague city were collected in winter 2009, summer 2009 and winter 2010. The highest concentrations of air pollutants were detected in winter 2010 when the subjects were exposed to: PM of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 M-BM-5m (70 vs. 44.9 M-BM-5g/m3); benzo[a]pyrene (9.02 vs. 2.56 ng/m3) and benzene (10.2 vs. 5.5 M-BM-5g/m3) in Ostrava and Prague, respectively. Global gene expression analysis of total RNA extracted from leukocytes was performed using whole genome microarrays (Illumina). The expression of selected genes was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Despite lower concentrations of air pollutants we found a higher number of differentially expressed genes and affected KEGG pathways in subjects from Prague. In both locations we observed differences between seasons. The qRT-PCR analysis showed a significant decrease in expression of APEX, ATM, FAS, GSTM1, IL1B and RAD21 in subjects from Ostrava, in a comparison of winter 2010 and summer 2009. In Prague, an increase in gene expression was observed for GADD45A and PTGS2. In conclusion, high concentrations of pollutants in Ostrava do not increase the number of differentially expressed genes. This may be explained by adaption of humans to chronic exposure to air pollution. Total RNA was extracted from leukocytes of total of 154 control subjects and 312 subjects exposed to heavy air pollution. The samples were collected in three seasons (winter 2009, summer 2009, winter 2010) with different levels of air pollution. Most of the subjects were sampled repeatedly; however, some of them joined the study in summer 2009 or winter 2010.

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A novel micro-voltage driven fungal system for simultaneous removal of microplastics, antibiotics, and heavy metals

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