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Stage-specific metabolic responses in blue mussels to marine shipping-related acoustic and chemical stressors revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance

ABSTRACT:

Maritime traffic exposes coastal organisms to both acoustic disturbance and chemical pollution, yet how these stressors affect and interact across early developmental stages remains poorly understood. We investigated stage-specific metabolic responses of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) larvae to shipping-related noise, chemical pollution, and their combination using untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics.

Metabolic profiles were analysed in D-larvae and post-larvae exposed to noise or chemical pollution, as well as in post-larvae originating from chemically exposed embryos and subsequently subjected to acoustic stress during metamorphosis. Stress-response axes were characterised using orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis.

During embryogenesis, acoustic and chemical stressors elicited largely overlapping metabolic responses, dominated by modulation of free amino acid pools and nitrogen-related pathways. In contrast, post-larvae showed marked differences between stressors. Acoustic exposure was associated with increased metabolic turnover and mobilisation of energetic substrates, whereas embryonic chemical exposure led to persistent metabolic limitations during metamorphosis, reflected by altered energy balance and membrane-associated metabolites. Under combined exposure, post-larval metabolic profiles closely resembled those induced by chemical stress alone, indicating dominance of chemical-driven effects rather than additive responses.

Together, these results demonstrate that developmental stage strongly conditions metabolic sensitivity to shipping-related stressors and that early chemical exposure can alter metabolic plasticity during later life stages.

INSTRUMENT(S): Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) -

PROVIDER: MTBLS13945 | MetaboLights | 2026-06-15

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS13945_NMR___metabolite_profiling-1.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS13945_NMR___metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS13945_NMR___metabolite_profiling-1_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular
	m_MTBLS13945_NMR___metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular

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Project description:Environmental stressors present in the modern world can have a fundamental effect on the physiology and health of humans. Exposure to stressors like air pollution, heat and traffic noise has been linked to a pronounced increase in non-communicable diseases. Specifically, aircraft noise has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, heart failure, stroke and diabetes. Noise stress leads to neuronal activation with subsequent stress hormone release that ultimately leads to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increasing inflammation and oxidative stress, with dramatic effects on the cardiovascular system. However, despite the epidemiological evidence of a link between noise stress and metabolic dysfunction, the consequences of exposure at the molecular, metabolic level of the cardiovascular system are largely unknown. Here we use a murine model system of aircraft noise exposure to show that noise stress profoundly alters heart metabolism. Within days of exposing animals to aircraft noise the heart has a reduced potential for utilising fatty-acid beta-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the electron transport chain for generating ATP. This is compensated by shifting energy production towards glycolysis. Intriguingly, the metabolic shift is reminiscent of what is observed in failing and ischaemic hearts. Our results demonstrate that within a relatively short exposure time, the cardiovascular system undergoes a fundamental metabolic shift that bears the hallmarks of cardiovascular disease. Overall, aircraft noise induces rapid, detrimental metabolic shifts in the heart, resembling patterns seen in cardiovascular diseases. These findings underscore the urgent need to comprehend molecular consequences of environmental stressors, paving the way for targeted interventions aiming mitigating health risks associated with chronic noise exposure in our modern, noisy environments.

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Stage-specific metabolic responses in blue mussels to marine shipping-related acoustic and chemical stressors revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance

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