Project description:The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effects of chronic exercise training and an acute session of exercise on key risk factors associated with Metabolic Syndrome (e.g., glucose tolerance, blood lipid profile, and blood pressure) and alterations in subcutaneous adipose tissue structure and metabolic function in overweight adults. Human adipose tissue samples collected before, and one hour after a 1h exercise session at ~65% VO2max (maximal oxygen uptake)
Project description:Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the translational regulation of skeletal muscle during acute endurance exercise. Methods: We used mRNA-Seq and ribosome profiling to examine transcriptional and translational regulation, respectively. Result: There were clear distinctions between the profiles of transcription and translation even at a basal condition. TOP-motif genes were translationally suppressed immediately after the exercise. Other genes, such as Slc25a25 was significantly translationally up-regulated presumably in a mTOR-independent manner. Conclusion: There were diverse regulation between transcription and translation. Although many focused on overall protein synthesis to understand the effect of exercise, translational regulation of individual genes are required. Transcriptional and translational profiles of mouse gastrocnemius with or without acute endurance exercise were generated using Ion PGM sequencer.
Project description:Epilepsy is characterized by hypersynchronous neuronal discharges, which are associated with an increased cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and ATP demand. Uncontrolled seizure activity (status epilepticus) results in mitochondrial exhaustion and ATP depletion, which potentially generate energy mismatch and neuronal loss. Many cells can adapt to increased energy demand by increasing metabolic capacities. However, acute metabolic adaptation during epileptic activity and its relationship to chronic epilepsy remains poorly understood. We elicited seizure-like events (SLEs) in an in vitro model of status epilepticus for eight hours. Electrophysiological recording and tissue oxygen partial pressure recordings were performed. After eight hours of ongoing SLEs, we used proteomics-based kinetic modeling to evaluate changes in metabolic capacities. We compared our findings regarding acute metabolic adaptation to published proteomic and transcriptomic data from chronic epilepsy patients. Epileptic tissue acutely responded to uninterrupted SLEs by upregulating ATP production capacity. This was achieved by a coordinated increase in the abundance of proteins from the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation system. In contrast, chronic epileptic tissue shows a 25-40% decrease in ATP production capacity. In summary, our study reveals that epilepsy leads to dynamic metabolic changes. Acute epileptic activity boosts ATP production, while chronic epilepsy reduces it significantly.