Project description:The main objective of this project is to recognize genes expressed in the life stages and tissue types of a variety of different cestode species, including Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus, Hymenolepis microstoma, H. nana and others. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/
Project description:Hymenolepis spp. (H. diminuta, H. nana and H. microstoma) are rodent-hosted tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) that have been used as laboratory and teaching models since the 1950s, and consequently much of our understanding of the basic physiology, biochemistry and anatomy of tapeworms in general stems from research using these species. As representatives of the order Cyclophyllidea, they are closely related to species with significant medical and economic importance such as Taenia and Echinococcus spp., but unlike these may be maintained in vivo using only laboratory mice and flour beetles (n.b. Echinoccous spp. are hosted by foxes and Taenia spp. are hosted by pigs or cows). This effort brings a classical laboratory model into the genomic age, allowing researchers in silico access to its genome and expressed gene transcripts and thereby greatly expediting research directed at understanding the genetic basis of tapeworm biology.
Project description:Mouse infection with the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta leads to a less severe DNBS-colitis. Increased Th2 and regulatory cytokine production in the spleen is a hallmark of Hymenolepis diminuta infection, therefore we hypothesized that given this microenvironment, splenic adaptive cells acquire an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We tested the ability of putative splenic regulatory B cells generated by Hymenolepis diminuta infection to down-regulate intestinal inflammation. We found that unlike splenic B cells from uninfected mice, splenic B cells from Hymenolepis diminuta -infected animals ameliorated chemically-induced colitis.
Project description:Many anthelmintics target the neuromuscular system, in particular by interfering with signalling mediated by classical neurotransmitters. Although peptidergic signalling has been proposed as a target of novel anthelmintics, current knowledge of the neuropeptide complement of many helminths is still limited, especially for parasitic flatworms (cestodes, trematodes and monogeneans). In this work, we have characterised the neuropeptide complement of the model cestode Hymenolepis microstoma. Peptidomic characterization of adults of H. microstoma validated many of the neuropeptide precursor (npp) genes previously predicted in silico, and identified novel neuropeptides that are conserved in parasitic flatworms. Most neuropeptides from parasitic flatworms lack significant similarity to those from other animals, confirming the uniqueness of their peptidergic signalling. Analysis of gene expression of ten npp genes by in situ hybridization confirmed that all of them are expressed in the nervous system and identified cryptic features, including the first evidence of dorsoventral asymmetry, as well as a new population of peripheral neurosecretory cells that appears to be conserved in the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. Finally, we characterised in greater detail Attachin, an experimentally validated SIFamide homolog. Although its expression is largely restricted to the longitudinal nerve cords and cerebral commissure in H. microstoma, it shows widespread expression in the larval nervous system of Echinococcus multilocularis and Mesocestoides corti. Exogenous addition of a peptide corresponding to the highly conserved C-terminus of Attachin stimulated motility and attachment of M. corti larvae. Altogether, this work provides a robust experimental foothold for the characterization of peptidergic signalling in parasitic flatworms.
Project description:Project to investigate gene and small RNA expression of tapeworms (including Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus, Hymenolepis microstoma).This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/