Ll37-rIbAMP4 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB22651 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The balance between tolerogenic and inflammatory responses determines immune homeostasis in the gut. Dysbiosis and a defective host defense against invading intestinal bacteria can shift this balance via bacterial-derived metabolites and trigger chronic inflammation. We show that the short chain fatty acid butyrate modulates monocyte to macrophage differentiation by promoting antimicrobial effector functions. The presence of butyrate modulates antimicrobial activity via a shift in macrophage metabolism and reduction in mTOR activity. This mechanism is furthermore dependent on the inhibitory function of butyrate on histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) driving transcription of a set of antimicrobial peptides including calprotectin. The increased antimicrobial activity against several bacterial species is not associated with increased production of conventional cytokines. Butyrate imprints antimicrobial activity of intestinal macrophages in vivo. Our data suggest that commensal bacteria derived butyrate stabilize gut homeostasis by promoting antimicrobial host defense pathways in monocytes that differentiate into intestinal macrophages.
2019-01-30 | GSE111049 | GEO
Project description:Snake venoms contain a variety of toxins with a range of biological activity. Among these are the cysteine-rich secreted proteins (CRISPs). The proteins of this family have masses of 20–30 kDa and display homologous amino acid sequences containing 16 cysteine residues, forming eight disulfide bonds. Some of these proteins have been explored, characterized, and described in terms of their activity; however, little is known of their range of activities. A search for new antimicrobial molecules is ongoing, as the number of microbial strains resistant to available antibiotics is increasing. We identified antimicrobial activity in the secretion of the Duvernoy’s gland of the rear-fanged Philodryas patagoniensis. Fractions of this venom were subjected to Reverse Phase – High Performance Liquid Chromatography and analyzed to determine their antimicrobial activity with a liquid broth inhibition assay. One of the fractions presented activity against a Gram-negative bacterium and a filamentous fungus. This fraction was analyzed with LC-MS/MS, and a protein of 24,848.8 Da was identified. Database searches allowed us to identify it as a CRISP due to the presence of some unique fragments in the molecule. We called it patagonin-CRISP, as the same protein in the venom of P. patagoniensis had previously been characterized as having a different biological activity. Patagonin-CRISP presented activity at very low concentrations and showed no cytotoxic activity. This is the first time that antimicrobial activity has been identified for P. patagoniensis venom or for a CRISP family protein.
2021-02-01 | PXD022842 | Pride
Project description:Plants have a long history of use for their medicinal properties. The complexity of botanical extracts presents unique challenges and necessitates the application of innovative approaches to correctly identify and quantify bioactive compounds. With this study, we employed untargeted metabolomics to explore the antimicrobial activity of the botanical Rumex crispus (yellow dock), a member of the Polygonaceae family that is used as an herbal remedy for bacterial infections. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to identify and quantify the known antimicrobial compound emodin. In addition, we used biochemometric approaches to integrate data measuring antimicrobial activity from R. crispus root starting material and fractions against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with UPLC-MS data. Our results support the hypothesis that multiple constituents, including the anthraquinone emodin, contribute to the antimicrobial activity of R. crispus against MRSA.
2021-07-24 | MSV000087878 | MassIVE
Project description:Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of hospital-associated infections. In addition, highly virulent strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are currently spreading outside health care settings. Survival in the human host is largely defined by the ability of S. aureus to resist mechanisms of innate host defense, of which antimicrobial peptides form a key part especially on epithelia and in neutrophil phagosomes. Here we demonstrate that the antimicrobial-peptide sensing system aps of the standard community-associated MRSA strain MW2 controls resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. The core of aps-controlled resistance mechanisms comprised the D-alanylation of teichoic acids (dlt operon), the incorporation of cationic lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG) in the bacterial membrane (mprF), and the vraF/vraG putative antimicrobial peptide transporter. Further, the observed increased production of L-PG under the influence of cationic antimicrobial peptides was accompanied by the up-regulation of lysine biosynthesis. In noticeable difference to the aps system of S. epidermidis, only selected antimicrobial peptides strongly induced the aps response. Heterologous complementation with the S. epidermidis apsS gene indicated that this is likely caused by differences in the short extracellular loop of ApsS that interacts with the inducing antimicrobial peptide. Our study shows that the antimicrobial peptide sensor system aps is functional in the important human pathogen S. aureus, significant interspecies differences exist in the induction of the aps gene regulatory response, and aps inducibility is clearly distinguishable from effectiveness towards a given antimicrobial peptide. Keywords: Wild type control vs treated vs mutant Wild type untreated in triplicate is compared to wild type treated in triplicate along with three mutants in triplicate with and without treatment of indolicidin, totalling 30 samples
2008-04-06 | E-GEOD-8400 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of hospital-associated infections. In addition, highly virulent strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are currently spreading outside health care settings. Survival in the human host is largely defined by the ability of S. aureus to resist mechanisms of innate host defense, of which antimicrobial peptides form a key part especially on epithelia and in neutrophil phagosomes. Here we demonstrate that the antimicrobial-peptide sensing system aps of the standard community-associated MRSA strain MW2 controls resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. The core of aps-controlled resistance mechanisms comprised the D-alanylation of teichoic acids (dlt operon), the incorporation of cationic lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG) in the bacterial membrane (mprF), and the vraF/vraG putative antimicrobial peptide transporter. Further, the observed increased production of L-PG under the influence of cationic antimicrobial peptides was accompanied by the up-regulation of lysine biosynthesis. In noticeable difference to the aps system of S. epidermidis, only selected antimicrobial peptides strongly induced the aps response. Heterologous complementation with the S. epidermidis apsS gene indicated that this is likely caused by differences in the short extracellular loop of ApsS that interacts with the inducing antimicrobial peptide. Our study shows that the antimicrobial peptide sensor system aps is functional in the important human pathogen S. aureus, significant interspecies differences exist in the induction of the aps gene regulatory response, and aps inducibility is clearly distinguishable from effectiveness towards a given antimicrobial peptide. Keywords: Wild type control vs treated vs mutant
2008-04-07 | GSE8400 | GEO
Project description:Herein, we used C. acnes as a model to elucidate the antimicrobial machinery of the TH17 subset. We generated C. acnes-specific antimicrobial TH17 clones (AMTH17) with varying antimicrobial activity against C. acnes, to enable us to study mechanisms by which TH17 cells kill bacteria. We show that C. acnes-induced AMTH17 clones represent a subset of CD4+ TEM and TEMRA cells. RNA-seq analysis of AMTH17 indicate transcripts encoding antimicrobial molecules such as GNLY, GZMB, PRF1 and histone H2B, whose expression correlates with killing activity. Additionally, we validated that AMTH17-mediated killing is a general mechanism that can target C. acnes and other bacterial species. Scanning electron microscopy reveal that AMTH17s can release T cell extracellular traps composed of lysine and arginine-rich histones such as H2B and H4 that entangle C. acnes. This study identifies a functionally distinct subpopulation of TH17 cells with an ability to secrete antimicrobial proteins and form extracellular T cell traps to capture and kill bacteria.
2021-12-01 | GSE144852 | GEO
Project description:Plants have a long history of use for their medicinal properties. The complexity of botanical extracts presents unique challenges and necessitates the application of innovative approaches to correctly identify and quantify bioactive compounds. With this study, we employed untargeted metabolomics to explore the antimicrobial activity of the botanical Rumex crispus (yellow dock), a member of the Polygonaceae family that is used as an herbal remedy for bacterial infections. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to identify and quantify the known antimicrobial compound emodin. In addition, we used biochemometric approaches to integrate data measuring antimicrobial activity from R. crispus root starting material and fractions against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with UPLC-MS data. Our results support the hypothesis that multiple constituents, including the anthraquinone emodin, contribute to the antimicrobial activity of R. crispus against MRSA.
2021-07-24 | MSV000087878 | GNPS
Project description:R-spondin (Rspo) signaling is crucial for stem cell renewal and tissue homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. In the stomach, Rspo is secreted from myofibroblasts and controls epithelial gland regeneration by inducing proliferation of Wnt-responsive Axin2+ cells. Infection with H. pylori results in increased expression of stromal Rspo, leading to an expansion of Axin2+ isthmus stem cells and gland hyperplasia. Lgr5+ stem cells are exposed to Rspo3 but the effects of this are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that in addition to its effect as a mitogen, endogenous Rspo3 regulates the gene expression of Lgr5+ cells in the gland base in both antrum and corpus. Rspo3 inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation within the Lgr5+ compartment towards a secretory phenotype. Strikingly, the Rspo3-Lgr5 axis turns out to be required for epithelial antimicrobial defense. Infection with H. pylori induces a strong antimicrobial response, with Lgr5+ cells expressing antimicrobial compounds that are secreted into the lumen in an Rspo3-dependent manner. Depletion of Lgr5+ cells or knockout of Rspo3 in myofibroblasts leads to dramatic hyper-colonization of gastric glands, including the stem cell compartment, whereas systemic application of recombinant Rspo is sufficient to clear H. pylori from the glands. We provide an intriguing, unexpected feature of Lgr5+ cells, exhibiting an indivisible connection between stem cell signaling and antimicrobial self-protection.
2019-01-01 | GSE108729 | GEO
Project description:Peptides have great potential to combat antibiotic resistance. While many platforms can screen peptides for their ability to bind to target cells, there are virtually no platforms that directly assess the functionality of peptides. This limitation is exacerbated when identifying antimicrobial peptides, since the phenotype, death, selects against itself, and has caused a scientific bottleneck confining research to only a few naturally occurring classes of antimicrobial peptides. We have used this seeming dissonance to develop Surface Localized Antimicrobial displaY (SLAY); a platform that allows screening of unlimited numbers of peptides of any length, composition, and structure in a single tube for antimicrobial activity. Using SLAY, we screened ~800,000 random peptide sequences for antimicrobial function and identified thousands of active sequences doubling the number of known antimicrobial sequences. SLAY hits present with different potential mechanisms of peptide action and access to areas of antimicrobial physicochemical space beyond what nature has evolved.
2018-01-03 | GSE94529 | GEO
Project description:Peptides have great potential to combat antibiotic resistance. While many platforms can screen peptides for their ability to bind to target cells, there are virtually no platforms that directly assess the functionality of peptides. This limitation is exacerbated when identifying antimicrobial peptides, since the phenotype, death, selects against itself, and has caused a scientific bottleneck confining research to only a few naturally occurring classes of antimicrobial peptides. We have used this seeming dissonance to develop Surface Localized Antimicrobial displaY (SLAY); a platform that allows screening of unlimited numbers of peptides of any length, composition, and structure in a single tube for antimicrobial activity. Using SLAY, we screened ~800,000 random peptide sequences for antimicrobial function and identified thousands of active sequences doubling the number of known antimicrobial sequences. SLAY hits present with different potential mechanisms of peptide action and access to areas of antimicrobial physicochemical space beyond what nature has evolved.
2018-01-03 | GSE94530 | GEO