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PROVIDER: PRJEB34564 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common liver disease worldwide, yet the pathogenesis of NAFLD is only partially understood. Here, we investigated the role of the gut bacteria in NAFLD by stimulating the gut bacteria via feeding mice the fermentable dietary fiber guar gum and suppressing the gut bacteria via chronic oral administration of antibiotics. Guar gum feeding profoundly altered the gut microbiota composition, in parallel with reduced diet-induced obesity and improved glucose tolerance. Strikingly, despite reducing adipose tissue mass and inflammation, guar gum enhanced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, concurrent with markedly elevated plasma and hepatic bile acid levels. Consistent with a role of elevated bile acids in the liver phenotype, treatment of mice with taurocholic acid stimulated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In contrast to guar gum, chronic oral administration of antibiotics effectively suppressed the gut bacteria, decreased portal secondary bile acid levels, and attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Neither guar gum or antibiotics influenced plasma lipopolysaccharide levels. In conclusion, our data indicate a causal link between changes in gut microbiota and hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of NAFLD, possibly via alterations in bile acids.
2017-06-06 | GSE76087 | GEO
Project description:Specific bile acids are potent signaling molecules that modulate metabolic pathways affecting lipid, glucose and bile acid homeostasis, and the microbiota. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and the key enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis (Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1) are regulated transcriptionally by the nuclear receptor FXR. We have identified an FXR-regulated pathway upstream of a transcriptional repressor that controls multiple bile acid metabolism genes. We identify MafG as an FXR target gene and show that hepatic MAFG overexpression represses genes of the bile acid synthetic pathway and modifies the biliary bile acid composition. In contrast, loss-of-function studies using MafG(+/-) mice causes de-repression of the same genes with concordant changes in biliary bile acid levels. Finally, we identify functional MafG response elements in bile acid metabolism genes using ChIP-seq analysis. Our studies identify a molecular mechanism for the complex feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis controlled by FXR.
2016-02-04 | GSE77529 | GEO
Project description:Antibiotic administration affects pharmacokinetics through changes in the intestinal microbiota, and bile acids are involved in this regulation. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effect of different periods of antibiotic administration on the expression of pharmacokinetic-related proteins in mouse liver, kidney, and brain capillaries.
2023-07-12 | PXD037296 | JPOST Repository
Project description:We found out that bile acid pathways were deeply altered in cachectic mice bearing ectopic tumor, leading to an increase in portal and liver conjugated bile acid levels. Counteracting this increased level in conjugated bile acids using cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant, reduced hepatic inflammation in cachectic mice with no impact on steatosis and minor effects on thermogenesis. Hepatic whole transcriptome analysis identified 16 pathways altered in cachectic mice which were counteracted by cholestyramine, pointing out the large contribution of bile acids to hepatic disturbances occurring in cancer cachexia.
2021-02-24 | GSE154219 | GEO
Project description:The progression of myocardial infarction (MI) involves multiple metabolic disorders. Bile acid metabolites have been increasingly recognized as pleiotropic signalling molecules that regulate multiple cardiovascular functions. G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is one of the receptors sensing bile acids to mediate their biological functions. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of bile acids-TGR5 signaling pathways in myocardial infarction (MI).Mice underwent either the LAD ligation model of MI or sham operation. Both MI and sham mice were gavaged with 10 mg/kg/d DCA or vehicle control since 3-day before the operation. Administration of DCA improved cardiac function at the 3th-day post-MI. The effects of DCA in the heart were determined by RNA-sequencing experiments.
2020-09-24 | GSE158415 | GEO
Project description:Nudix hydrolase 7 (NUDT7) is a peroxisomal (acyl-)CoA-degrading enzyme that is highly expressed in the liver. We previously showed that liver-specific NUDT7 overexpression affects peroxisomal lipid metabolism, but does not prevent the increase in total liver CoA levels that occurs with fasting. Herein, we show that deletion of Nudt7 alters the composition of the hepatic acyl-CoA pool in mice fed a low fat diet, but only in males fed a western diet does the lack of NUDT7 increase total liver CoA levels. This effect is driven by the accumulation of medium-chain dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs, which are products of the oxidation of dicarboxylic fatty acids in the peroxisomes. We also show that, under conditions of increased cholesterol intake and elevated bile acid synthesis, Nudt7 deletion increases the production of tauro-muricholic acids, decreasing the hydrophobicity index of the intestinal bile acid pool and increasing fecal cholesterol excretion. Collectively, our findings reveal a key role for NUDT7 in the regulation of the final products of bile acid synthesis and dicarboxylic fatty acid oxidation
2022-11-25 | GSE207914 | GEO
Project description:Specific bile acids are potent signaling molecules that modulate metabolic pathways affecting lipid, glucose and bile acid homeostasis, and the microbiota. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and the key enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis (Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1) are regulated transcriptionally by the nuclear receptor FXR. We have identified an FXR-regulated pathway upstream of a transcriptional repressor that controls multiple bile acid metabolism genes. We identify MafG as an FXR target gene and show that hepatic MAFG overexpression represses genes of the bile acid synthetic pathway and modifies the biliary bile acid composition. In contrast, loss-of-function studies using MafG(+/-) mice causes de-repression of the same genes with concordant changes in biliary bile acid levels. Finally, we identify functional MafG response elements in bile acid metabolism genes using ChIP-seq analysis. Our studies identify a molecular mechanism for the complex feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis controlled by FXR
2016-02-04 | GSE77507 | GEO
Project description:Ascorbic acid (AA) is a powerful antioxidant and play as a cofactor for various enzymes in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effect of AA depletion on gene expression in the liver and lipid metabolism by using SMP30/GNL knockout (KO) mice which are unable to biosynthesis AA. First, we performed microarray analysis. Briefly, SMP30/GNL KO mice were weaned and divided into two groups; AA-depleted and supplemented groups, which mice were free access to water containing 1.5 g/L AA. After 4 weeks, mRNA was isolated and purified from the liver. In this study, Affymetrix® GeneChip® was used for microarray analysis. Actually, AA-depletion altered many gene expressions related to lipid metabolism. Especially, Cytochrome P450 7a1 (Cyp7a1), a late-limiting enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis, gene expression was significantly up-regulated. We also confirmed Cyp7a1 protein levels by Western blotting. Next, we investigated the influence of AA depletion on lipid metabolism. We examined the lipid and bile acid levels in the liver, plasma, and gallbladder from SMP30/GNL KO mice. Amount of total bile acid (TBA), free fatty acid (FA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and phospholipids (PL) were measured by colorimetric method. AA depletion reduced TBA levels in the liver and gallbladder. However, FA, TC, TG, and PL in the plasma and liver were not changed by AA depletion. Although Cyp7a1 gene expression and protein levels were increased by AA depletion, amount of bile acid were reduced. Conclusively, we have shown that AA depletion reduced bile acid biosynthesis and elevated Cyp7a1 gene expression and protein levels. Thus, AA is an essential for bile acid biosynthesis pathway.
2015-10-04 | GSE41365 | GEO
Project description:Abstract: Interruption of bile acid recirculation through inhibition of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is a promising strategy to alleviate hepatic cholesterol accumulation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and improve the metabolic aspects of the disease. Putative disease-attenuating effects of the ASBT inhibitor volixibat (5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) were investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice over 24 weeks. Plasma and fecal bile acid levels, plasma insulin, lipids, and liver enzymes were monitored. Final analyses included liver histology, intrahepatic lipids, mesenteric white adipose tissue mass, and liver gene profiling. Consistent with its mechanism of action, volixibat significantly increased total bile acid excretion. At the highest dose, volixibat significantly attenuated the HFD-induced increase in hepatocyte hypertrophy, hepatic triglyceride and cholesteryl ester levels, and mesenteric white adipose tissue deposition, while total plasma bile acid levels remained constant. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score was significantly lower in volixibat-treated mice than in the HFD controls. Gene profiling showed that volixibat reversed the inhibitory effect of the HFD on metabolic master regulators, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1β, insulin receptor, and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2. Volixibat may have beneficial effects on physiological and metabolic aspects of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathophysiology.
2019-06-07 | GSE129306 | GEO
Project description:The disruption of cholesterol homeostasis leads to an increase in cholesterol levels which results in the development of cardiovascular disease. Mitogen Inducible Gene 6 (Mig-6) is an immediate early response gene that can be induced by various mitogens, stresses, and hormones. To identify the metabolic role of Mig-6 in the liver, we conditionally ablated Mig-6 in the liver using the Albumin-Cre mouse model (Albcre/+Mig-6f/f; Mig-6d/d). Mig-6d/d mice exhibit hepatomegaly and fatty liver. Serum levels of total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and hepatic lipid were significantly increased in the Mig-6d/d mice. The daily excretion of fecal bile acids was significantly decreased in the Mig-6d/d mice. DNA microarray analysis of mRNA isolated from the livers of these mice showed alterations in genes that regulate lipid metabolism, bile acid, and cholesterol synthesis, while the expression of genes that regulate biliary excretion of bile acid and triglyceride synthesis showed no difference in the Mig-6d/d mice compared to Mig-6f/f controls. These results indicate that Mig-6 plays an important role in cholesterol homeostasis and bile acid synthesis. Mice with liver specific conditional ablation of Mig-6 develop hepatomegaly and increased intrahepatic lipid and provide a novel model system to investigate the genetic and molecular events involved in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and bile acid synthesis. Defining the molecular mechanisms by which Mig-6 regulates cholesterol homeostasis will provide new insights into the development of more effective ways for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Eight week old Mig-6f/f vs Mig-6d/d male mice after undergoing a 24 hour fast
2011-08-30 | E-GEOD-31752 | biostudies-arrayexpress