Venom Microbiomes
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REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Pathological and inflammatory events in muscle after injection of snake venoms vary in different regions of the affected tissue and at different time intervals. In order to study such heterogeneity in the immune cell microenvironment, a murine model of muscle necrosis based on the injection of the venom of Daboia russelii was used.
2023-03-07 | GSE222977 | GEO
Project description:Both single cell and bulk RNA sequencing was performed on expanding or differentiating snake venom gland organoids (from Aspidelaps Lubricus Cowlesi and Naja Nivea), or tissue (Aspidelaps Lubricus Cowlesi). Bulk RNA sequencing from the snake venom gland, liver and pancreas was performed to construct a de novo transcriptome using Trinity.
2020-02-24 | GSE129581 | GEO
Project description:Snake venoms are known to be major sources of peptides with different pharmacological properties. In this study, we comprehensively explored the venom peptidomes of three specimens of Lachesis muta, the largest venomous snake in South America, using mass spectrometry techniques. The analysis revealed 19 main chromatographic peaks common to all specimens. A total of 151 peptides were identified, including 69 from a metalloproteinase, 58 from the BPP-CNP precursor, and 24 from a L-amino acid oxidase. To our knowledge, 126 of these peptides were reported for the first time in this work, including a new SVMP-derived peptide fragment, Lm-10a. Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of toxin maturation in snake venoms, driven by proteolytic processing, post-translational modifications, and cryptide formation.
2023-10-23 | PXD045732 | Pride
Project description:Cellular and inflammatory events were evaluated in mouse muscle after snake venoms Daboia russelii and Bothrops asper injection over time. A murine model of muscle necrosis based on venom injection was used to investigate up to 800 genes involved in fibrosis diseases and tissue regeneration using the multiplex RNA panel Fibrosis V2 from NanoString technology.
2024-03-21 | GSE248215 | GEO
Project description:Venoms are important evolutionary keys and innovation for several animal taxons., including snakes. Their use is specially related to feed, predation and defense. Snake venoms are composed mainly by free secreted proteins, about 98%, and stored in the lumen of the venom gland, where they are processed through poorly understood mechanisms. In the perspective of protein-diversity, venoms undergo evolutionary pressure which generate a rapid evolutionary response, causing a great diversity in their toxin-components. We know now that extracellular vesicles exist in snake venom, although their biological role are still unknown. We believe that understanding EV-mediated effects could change our way of seeing envenoming, especially long-term sequelae. From what we know about EVs and snake venoms, there is a lot of potential of cross-organism communication occurrence between snakes and human victims. To advance in the comprehension of venom EVs function, we used fresh B. jararaca venom as our model. Fresh venom was fractionated by sequential centrifugation, resulting in two populations of vesicles (Bj-EVs). Purified Bj-EVs were analyzed by electron microscopy, NTA and proteomics. The interaction of Bj-EVs with mammalian cells was accessed by fluorescence and electron microscopy.
2023-03-10 | PXD037375 | Pride
Project description:Snake venoms contain complex mixtures of proteins that play vital roles in the survival of venomous snakes. In line with their diverse pharmacological activities, the protein compositions of snake venoms can be highly variable, and efforts to characterise the primary structures of such proteins are extensive and ongoing. In addition, a significant knowledge gap exists in terms of higher-order interactionsbetweenproteinsproposedto modulate venom potency, which poses a challenge for treatment of envenomation and development of successful therapeutic applications.Here we use a multifaceted mass spectrometrybased approach to characteriseproteinsfrom the medically significant venomsof Collett’s snake Pseudechis collettiand the puff adder Bitis arietans.Following chromatographic fractionation and bottom-up proteomics identification, native mass spectrometry identified, among other components, a 117 kDa non-covalent L-amino acid oxidase dimer in the P. collettivenom and a 60 kDa C-type lectin tetramer in the B. arietansvenom. Furthermore, a 27.7 kDa covalently-linked phospholipase A2(PLA2) dimer was identified in P. collettivenom, and thePLA2species were shownto adopt a highly compact geometry based on ion mobility measurements. Exploration of the catalytic efficiencies of the monomeric and dimeric forms of PLA2revealed that the dimeric PLA2 possessed greater bioactivity than the monomeric PLA2s.This work contributes to ongoing efforts to catalogue the protein components of snake venoms, and notably,itemphasises the importance of understanding higher-order protein interactions in venomsand the utility of a combined mass spectrometric approachfor this task.
2020-02-17 | PXD016503 | Pride
Project description:Latest advancement of omics technologies allows in-depth characterization of venom compositions. In the present work we present a proteomic study of two snake venoms of the genus Naja i.e. Naja naja (black cobra) and Naja oxiana (brown cobra), of Pakistani origin. The present study has shown that these snake venoms consist of a highly diversified proteome. Furthermore, the data also revealed variation among closely related species. High throughput mass spectrometric analysis of the venom proteome allowed to identify for the N. naja venom 34 protein families and for the N. oxiana 24 protein families. The comparative evaluation of the two venoms showed that N. naja consists of a more complex venom proteome than N. oxiana venom.
2020-10-29 | PXD018726 | Pride
Project description:Prey-specialised spiders are adapted to capture specific prey items, including dangerous prey such as ants, termites or other spiders. It has been observed that the venoms of specialists are often prey-specific and less complex than those of generalists, but venom composition has not been studied in detail in prey-specialised spiders. Here, we investigated the venom of the prey-specialised white-tailed spider (Lamponidae: Lampona sp.), which utilises specialised morphological and behavioural adaptations to capture spider prey. We hypothesised Lampona spiders also possess venomic adaptations, specifically, its venom is more effective to focal spider prey due to the presence of prey-specific toxins. We analysed the venom composition using proteo-transcriptomics and taxon-specific toxicity using venom bioassays. Our analysis identified 208 putative toxin sequences, comprising 103 peptides <10 kDa and 105 proteins >10 kDa. Most peptides belonged to one of two families characterised by scaffolds containing eight or ten cysteine residues. Protein toxins showed similarity to galectins, leucine-rich repeat proteins, trypsins and neprilysins. The venom of Lampona was shown to be spider-specific, as it was more potent against the preferred spider prey than against alternative prey represented by a cricket. In contrast, the venom of a related generalist (Gnaphosidae: Gnaphosa sp.) was similarly potent against both prey types. Prey-specific Lampona toxins were found to form part of the protein (>10 kDa) fraction of the venom. These data provide insights into the molecular adaptations of venoms produced by prey-specialised spiders.
2023-02-08 | PXD033502 | Pride
Project description:Agelena koreana is indigenous spider in South Korea that lives on piles of trees building webs. RNA-sequencing was performed for venom gland tissue and whole body except venom gland.
2022-02-23 | GSE197102 | GEO