Project description:Analysis of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in various primary cells and immortalized cell lines, following type 1 interferon (IFN) treatment. Some cell types become resistant to HIV-1 infection following type 1 interferon treatment (such as macrophages, THP-1, PMA-THP-1, U87-MG cells and to a lesser extent, primary CD4+ T cells) while others either become only partially resistant (e.g., HT1080, PMA-U937) or remain permissive (e.g., CEM, CEM-SS, Jurkat T cell lines and U937); for more information see (Goujon and Malim, Journal of Virology 2010) and (Goujon and Schaller et al., Retrovirology 2013). We hypothesized that the anti-HIV-1 ISGs are differentially induced and expressed in restrictive cells compared to permissive cells and performed a whole genome analysis following type 1 IFN treatment in cell types exhibiting different HIV-1 resistance phenotypes. 48 samples; design: 9 cell lines, primary CD4+ T cells and primary macrophages, untreated and IFN-treated; 2 replicate experiments per cell line; 3 replicate experiments per primary cell type
Project description:Wild type HIV-1 can infect macrophages to establish productive infection without triggering innate immune receptors or type 1 interferon responses that would otherwise restrict virus propagation. We found that HIV-1 capsid mutants that disrupt capsid interactions with two host factors CPSF6 and cyclophillin A do not replicate in macrophages because they do trigger interferon responses. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling was used to compare the repertoire of interferon stimulated genes induced by these capsid mutants after 24Êh with stimulation of macrophages with interferon-beta or with the RNA analogue Poly IC.
Project description:Analysis of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in various primary cells and immortalized cell lines, following type 1 interferon (IFN) treatment. Some cell types become resistant to HIV-1 infection following type 1 interferon treatment (such as macrophages, THP-1, PMA-THP-1, U87-MG cells and to a lesser extent, primary CD4+ T cells) while others either become only partially resistant (e.g., HT1080, PMA-U937) or remain permissive (e.g., CEM, CEM-SS, Jurkat T cell lines and U937); for more information see (Goujon and Malim, Journal of Virology 2010) and (Goujon and Schaller et al., Retrovirology 2013). We hypothesized that the anti-HIV-1 ISGs are differentially induced and expressed in restrictive cells compared to permissive cells and performed a whole genome analysis following type 1 IFN treatment in cell types exhibiting different HIV-1 resistance phenotypes.
Project description:Macrophages provide an interface between innate and adaptive immunity and are important long-lived reservoirs for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1). Multiple genetic networks involved in regulating signal transduction cascades and immune responses in macrophages are coordinately modulated by HIV-1 infection. To evaluate complex interrelated processes and to assemble an integrated view of activated signaling networks, a systems biology strategy was applied to genomic and proteomic responses by primary human macrophages over the course of HIV-1 infection. Macrophage responses, including cell cycle, calcium, apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and cytokines/chemokines, to HIV-1 were temporally regulated, in the absence of cell proliferation. In contrast, Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways remained unaltered by HIV-1, although TLRs 3, 4, 7, and 8 were expressed and responded to ligand stimulation in macrophages. HIV-1 failed to activate phosphorylation of IRAK-1 or IRF-3, modulate intracellular protein levels of Mx1, an interferon-stimulated gene, or stimulate secretion of TNF, IL-1b, or IL-6. Activation of pathways other than TLR was inadequate to stimulate, via cross-talk mechanisms through molecular hubs, the production of proinflammatory cytokines typical of a TLR response. HIV-1 sensitized macrophage responses to TLR ligands, and the magnitude of viral priming was related to virus replication. HIV-1 induced a primed, proinflammatory state, M1HIV, which increased the responsiveness of macrophages to TLR ligands. HIV-1 might passively evade pattern recognition, actively inhibit or suppress recognition and signaling, or require dynamic interactions between macrophages and other cells, such as lymphocytes or endothelial cells. HIV-1 evasion of TLR recognition and simultaneous priming of macrophages may represent a strategy for viral survival, contribute to immune pathogenesis, and provide important targets for therapeutic approaches. Affymetrix arrays were used to identify genomic macrophage response to HIV during viral spread in culture. Experiment Overall Design: An HIV-1 spreading infection was established in primary human macrophages. RNA was extracted from both viral- and mock-infected macrophages cultures over 7 days and hybridized to Affymetrix HG-U95Av2 GeneChips for analysis.
Project description:HIV-1 Tat can modulate the expression of both HIV and cellular genes. In antigen-presenting cells Tat induces the expression of a subset of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the absence of interferons (IFNs). We investigated the genome-wide Tat association with cellular promoters in immature dendritic cells (iDC) and in monocyte derived macrophages (MDM). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of Tat together with chromatin profiling by ChIP-on-chip analysis demonstrated that Tat associates with the MAP2K6 and MAP2K3 promoters and mediates its increase, which also affects the induction of some ISGs.
Project description:As part of our study in understanding the role of SP140 in inflammatory pathways in macrophages, we inhibited SP140 mRNA using siRNA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from whole blood of healthy donors (from Sanquin Institute Amsterdam or from GSK Stevenage Blood Donation Unit) by Ficoll density gradient (Invitrogen). CD14+ monocytes were positively selected from PBMCs using CD14 Microbeads according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Miltenyi Biotec). CD14+ cells were differentiated with 20 ng/mL of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (R&D systems) for 3 days followed by 3 days of polarization into classically activated (inflammatory) M1 macrophages (100 ng/mL IFN-γ; R&D systems). M1 macrophages were transfected with siGENOME human smartpool SP140 siRNA or non-targeting scrambled siRNA for 48h with DharmaFECT™ transfection reagents according to manufacturer’s protocol (Dharmacon). The cells were left unstimulated or stimulated with 100 ng/mL LPS (E. coli 0111:B4; Sigma) for 4h (for qPCR) or 24h (for Elisa). The cells were lysed (ISOLATE II RNA Lysis Buffer RLY-Bioline) for RNA extraction.150 ng total RNA was labelled using the cRNA labelling kit for Illumina BeadArrays (Ambion) and hybridized with Ref8v3 BeadArrays (Illumina). Arrays were scanned on a BeadArray 500GX scanner and data were normalized using quantile normalization with background subtraction (GenomeStudio software; Illumina). This submission only contains processed data