Project description:In the modern chicken industry, fast-growing broilers have undergone strong artificial selection for muscle growth, which has led to remarkable phenotypic variations compared with slow-growing chickens. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these phenotypes differences remains unknown. In this study, a systematic identification of candidate genes and new pathways related to myofiber development and composition in chicken Soleus muscle has been made using gene expression profiles of two distinct breeds: Qingyuan partridge (QY), a slow-growing Chinese breed possessing high meat quality and Cobb 500 (CB), a commercial fast-growing broiler line. Agilent cDNA microarray analyses were conducted to determine gene expression profiles of soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle sampled at sexual maturity age of QY (112 d) and CB (42 d).
Project description:Domestic chicken has been intensively studied because of its role as an efficient source of lean meat. However, commercial broilers resulting from genetic selection for rapid growth demonstrate detrimental traits, such as excess deposition of abdominal adipose tissue, metabolic disorders, and reduced reproduction. Therefore fast-growing broilers represent “obese” chickens compared to slow-growing egg layers (e.g, Leghorn) or wild strain of meat-type chickens (e.g., Fayoumi). Fayoumi chickens, originating from Egypt, represent a harder stain of chickens, which are more resistant to diseases. Leghorn chickens are the original breed of commercial U.S layers. Both lines were maintained highly inbred by Iowa State University poultry geneticists with an inbreeding coefficient higher than 0.95. Both Fayoumi and Leghorn demonstrated lean phenotype compared to broilers, and these three lines of chickens are genetically distant from each other. In this study, we used affymetrix microarray to profile global gene expression of three distinct genetic lines of chickens to identify functional pathways associated with leanness of domestic chickens.
Project description:Domestic chicken has been intensively studied because of its role as an efficient source of lean meat. However, commercial broilers resulting from genetic selection for rapid growth demonstrate detrimental traits, such as excess deposition of abdominal adipose tissue, metabolic disorders, and reduced reproduction. Therefore fast-growing broilers represent “obese” chickens compared to slow-growing egg layers (e.g, Leghorn) or wild strain of meat-type chickens (e.g., Fayoumi). Fayoumi chickens, originating from Egypt, represent a harder stain of chickens, which are more resistant to diseases. Leghorn chickens are the original breed of commercial U.S layers. Both lines were maintained highly inbred by Iowa State University poultry geneticists with an inbreeding coefficient higher than 0.95. Both Fayoumi and Leghorn demonstrated lean phenotype compared to broilers, and these three lines of chickens are genetically distant from each other.
Project description:Gill transcriptome of fast- and slow-growing mussels reared under continuous food supply was recently analysed in order to ascertain the differential gene expression underlying interindividual differences in growth rate. The present study aims to analyse the gene expression differences between fast- and slow-growing mussels submitted to an air exposure of 8 hours a day during the rearing period. Transcriptome will be also compared with their continuously submerged counterparts in order to analyse the effect of air exposure on the gene expression of fast- and slow-growing individuals.
Project description:The purpose of this study is to compare transcriptome profiles of one fast wilting and two slow wilting genotypes under low- and high- vapor pressure deficit Experiments: Five differential expression analyses were performed. 1. Differences within the Hutchesen line for slow and fast wilting; 2. Differences within the PI471938 line for slow and fast wilting; 3. Differences within the PI416937 line for slow and fast wilting; Differences between Hutchesen, PI471938 and PI416937 (regardless of pheotype); 5. Comparison between all lines and all pheotypes Methods: RNASeq data was generated using the Illumina HiSeq. Data passing quality control was processed as follows: Alignment to reference genome Gmax_109 using Tophat2 followed by the Tuxedo pipeline (cufflinks, cuffmerge, cuffdiff).
Project description:The purpose of this study is to compare transcriptome profiles of one fast wilting and two slow wilting genotypes under low- and high- vapor pressure deficit Experiments: Five differential expression analyses were performed. 1. Differences within the Hutchesen line for slow and fast wilting; 2. Differences within the PI471938 line for slow and fast wilting; 3. Differences within the PI416937 line for slow and fast wilting; Differences between Hutchesen, PI471938 and PI416937 (regardless of pheotype); 5. Comparison between all lines and all pheotypes Methods: RNASeq data was generated using the Illumina HiSeq. Data passing quality control was processed as follows: Alignment to reference genome Gmax_109 using Tophat2 followed by the Tuxedo pipeline (cufflinks, cuffmerge, cuffdiff). Three cultivars, (wild-type Hutchesen and two parentla lines - PI471938 and PI416937; two conditions (normal and slow-wilting); two reps each for a total of 12 samples
Project description:To examine methylation levels of genes, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequence for 2 cell lines: NDCS-1, which was established from dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and had a fast-growing phenotype, and OUMS-27, which was established from conventional chondrosarcoma and had a slow-growing phenotype.
