Project description:Instability in the composition of gut bacterial communities, referred as dysbiosis, has been associated with important human intestinal disorders such as CrohnM-bM-^@M-^Ys disease and colorectal cancer. Here, we show that dysbiosis coupled to Nod2 or Rip2 deficiency suffices to cause an increased risk for intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice. Aggravated epithelial lesions and dysplasia upon chemical-induced injury associated with loss of Nod2 or Rip2 can be prevented by antibiotics or anti-IL6R treatment. Nod2-mediated risk for intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated tumorigenesis is communicable through maternally-transmitted microbiota even to wild-type hosts. Disease progression was identified to drive complex NOD2-dependent changes of the colonic-associated microbiota. Reciprocal microbiota transplantation rescues the vulnerability of Nod2-deficient mice to colonic injury. Altogether, our results unveil an unexpected function for NOD2 in shaping a protective assembly of gut microbial communities, providing a rationale for intentional manipulation of genotype-dependent dysbiosis as a causative therapeutic principle in chronic intestinal inflammation. Analysis used RNA extracted from colonic mucosa of untreated, antibiotics-treated or metronidazole-treated C57Bl/6J and Nod2-deficient mice in CAC model. Direct comparisons were performed as follow: C57Bl/6J untreated mice vs Nod2-deficient untreated mice, C57Bl/6J antibiotics-treated mice vs Nod2-deficient antibiotics-treated mice, C57Bl/6J metronidazole-treated mice vs Nod2-deficient metronidazole-treated mice, C57Bl/6J untreated mice vs C57Bl/6J antibiotics-treated mice, C57Bl/6J untreated mice vs C57Bl/6J metronidazole-treated mice, Nod2-deficient untreated mice vs Nod2-deficient antibiotics-treated mice, Nod2-deficient untreated mice vs Nod2-deficient metronidazole-treated mice. Indirect comparisons with control data were made across multiple arrays with raw data pulled from different channels for data analysis.
Project description:Background: RNA editing encompasses a post-transcriptional process in which the genomically templated sequence is enzymatically altered and introduces a modified base into the edited transcript. Mammalian C-to-U RNA editing represents a distinct subtype of base modification, whose prototype is intestinal apolipoproteinB (apoB) mRNA, mediated by the catalytic deaminase Apobec-1. However, the genome-wide identification, tissue-specificity and functional implications of Apobec-1 mediated C-to-U RNA editing remains incomplete. Results: Deep sequencing, data filtering and Sanger-sequence validation of intestinal and hepatic RNA from wild-type and Apobec-1 deficient mice revealed 56 novel editing sites in 54 intestinal mRNAs and 22 novel sites in 17 liver mRNAs (74-81% Sanger sequenced validated), all within 3’ untranslated regions. Eleven of 17 liver RNAs shared editing sites with intestinal RNAs, while 6 sites were unique to liver. Changes in RNA editing led to corresponding changes in intestinal mRNA and protein levels in 11 genes. RNA editing in vivo following tissue-specific Apobec-1 adenoviral or transgenic Apobec-1 overexpression revealed that a subset of targets identified in wild-type mice were restored in Apobec-1 deficient mouse intestine and liver following Apobec-1 rescue. We found distinctive polysome profiles for several RNA editing targets and demonstrated novel exonic editing sites in nuclear preparations from intestine (but not hepatic) apoB RNA. RNA editing was validated using cell-free extracts from wild-type but not Apobec-1 deficient mice, demonstrating that Apobec-1 is required. Conclusions: These studies define selective, tissue-specific targets of Apobec-1 dependent RNA editing and show the functional consequences of editing are both transcript- and tissue-specific.
Project description:Our project focuses on retinoic acid (RA) effect on hepatic lipid homeostasis. Even though RA has more than one receptor including retinoids x receptor (RXR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), most probably, RA effect on lipid homeostasis is mediated by RXR and its partners such as PXR, FXR, and PPAR. So we treated the wild type and RXRα-knockout mice by retinoic acid to check the global gene expression especially for lipid homeostasis genes. We used microarrays to observe the global gene expression underlying hepatic lipid homeostasis. We treated both the wild type and RXRα-KO mice with normal diet and RA-containing diet for 7 days. For each group, three replicates were done. Liver total RNA were used to test global gene expression by microarray.
Project description:To identify RA regulated genes in endoderm, we did microarray analysis comparing gene expression levels between wild-type and RA-deficient embryos, which were treated with BMS453 at the beginning of gastrulation and were collected at stages 23.