Project description:During in vitro differentiation, pluripotent stem cells undergo extensive remodeling of their gene expression profiles. While studied extensively at the transcriptome level, much less is known about protein dynamics, which might differ significantly from their mRNA counterparts. Here, we present deep proteome-wide measurements of protein levels during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
Project description:Among its many roles in development, retinoic acid determines the anterior-posterior identity of differentiating motor neurons by activating Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR)-mediated transcription. RAR is thought to bind the genome constitutively, and only induce transcription in the presence of the retinoid ligand. However, little is known about where RAR binds to the genome or how it selects target sites. We tested the constitutive RAR binding model using the retinoic acid-driven differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into differentiated motor neurons. We find that retinoic acid treatment results in widespread changes in RAR genomic binding, including novel binding to genes directly responsible for anterior-posterior specification, as well as the subsequent recruitment of the basal polymerase machinery. Finally, we discovered that the binding of transcription factors at the embryonic stem cell stage can accurately predict where in the genome RAR binds after initial differentiation. We have characterized a ligand-dependent shift in RAR genomic occupancy at the initiation of neurogenesis. Our data also suggests that enhancers active in pluripotent embryonic stem cells may be preselecting regions that will be activated by RAR during neuronal differentiation. The differentiation of ventral motor neurons is induced by treating embryonic stem cell cultures with retinoic acid. Here, ChIP-seq is used to profile the genome-wide occupancy of RAR isofroms both immediately prior to and during exposure of the cells to retinoic acid. ChIP-seq is also used to profile the genomic occupancy of Pol2 with phosphorylated serine 5 (Pol2-S5P) and phosphorylated serine 2 (Pol2-S2P) after exposure to retinoic acid.
Project description:We report the microRNA profiles of the mouse embryonic stem cell (E14IV), which have been deleted for tumour suppressor Wilms' Tumour 1 (WT1), and induced with retinoic acid. Additionally, cells that had an inducibe WT1 expression where also used to compare the microRNA profile during different time points of WT1 induction.
Project description:We report the genome-wide microRNA expression levels in pluripotent mESC and as mESC differentiate towards a neuronal lineage in response to high levels of Retinoic Acid treatment in vitro. microRNA-seq was performed to identify all microRNAs expressed in both ESCs and neuronal cells. In total, 534 expressed microRNAs we identified, of which 18 were up-regulated and 6 were down-regulated (fold change (FC) > -/+2.0 and p-value < 0.05) during Retinoic Acid-induced neuronal differentiation. The top up-regulated microRNAs identified were Mir10a, Mir615, Mir217 and Mir219a-2. The top down-regulated microRNAs identifed were Mir211, Mir292, Mir302a and Mir302c. Examination, identification and comparision of microRNA expression profliles in two cellular states.
Project description:Genome-wide binding profiles of nuclear FGFR1, RXRα and Nur77 in pluripotent mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and during Retinoic Acid-induced differentiation
