Project description:We used bacteria isolated from field samples of Nematostella vectensis to quantify gene expression through comparisons of transcriptomes.
Project description:We assessed genome-wide temporal transcript expression patterns in the sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, in Great Sippewissett Marsh in Massachusetts, where anemones experienced a natural light cycle with intensity varying from 0-200 lum/ft2, daily temperature fluctuations of ~9C. We measured ‘in situ’ gene expression from recaptured anemones every hour from 0800 to 1700 and identified six time-dependent gene clusters, represented by several genes involved in metabolism, stress, and transcription-translation related functions.
Project description:The goal of this study is to proactively assess the risk of insecticide resistance development by determining susceptibility of field-collected D. suzukii and their response to insecticide treatment at the transcriptome level using next-generation sequencing technology. Methods:LC50 values were calculated for zeta-cypermethrin, spinosad, malathion treated D. suzukii field-collected and lab-reared populations. LC50 dosage survived and untreated (10 individuals per replicate) field-collected and lab reared D.suzukii transcript profiles were generated by RNA sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina NextSeq 500. The 24 samples (paired-end reads, including replicates) were independently mapped onto the D. suzukii genome (SpottedWingFlybase v.1) by using TopHat followed by Cufflinks to estimate the expression values of the transcripts in FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase per Million mapped reads) with the Cuffdiff 2 default geometric normalization. Differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05 after Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple-testing) were identified for insecticide-treated or untreated control for either (1) lab-reared populations or (2) field-collected populations. Results: As an approach to proactively assess the risk of insecticide resistance development, we determined the LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) values of commonly used insecticides zeta-cypermethrin, spinosad, and malathion against laboratory-reared and field-collected D. suzukii populations. The LC50 values were significantly higher in field-collected populations when compared to lab-reared populations, indicating that field populations are less susceptible to these insecticides. Furthermore, we used RNA sequencing to analyze the response of D. suzukii at the transcriptome level upon treatment with the same three insecticide classes that are used in our bioassays. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in D. suzukii that survived LD50 doses of zeta-cypermethrin, spinosad, and malathion and gene classes that are overrepresented in DEGs. We observed that a high number of significantly DEGs are involved in detoxification and reduced cuticular penetration, especially in field population, thus providing potential molecular mechanisms for the higher LC50 values for field-collected population. Conclusion: Our study identified a high number of metabolic detoxification genes that are induced in field-collected D. suzukii upon insecticide treatment and a high degree of overlap when examining the lists of genes that are induced when D. suzukii is treated with three commonly used insecticides. Based on our results, we conclude that there is a substantial risk of insecticide resistance and cross-resistance development in D. suzukii in the field.
Project description:This the single cell model from the article:
A multiscale model to investigate circadian rhythmicity of pacemaker neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Vasalou C, Henson MA. PLoS Comput Biol
2010 Mar 12;6(3):e1000706.
PMID: 20300645
, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000706
;
Abstract:
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is a multicellular system that drives daily rhythms in mammalian behavior and physiology. Although the gene regulatory network that produces daily oscillations within individual neurons is well characterized, less is known about the electrophysiology of the SCN cells and how firing rate correlates with circadian gene expression. We developed a firing rate code model to incorporate known electrophysiological properties of SCN pacemaker cells, including circadian dependent changes in membrane voltage and ion conductances. Calcium dynamics were included in the model as the putative link between electrical firing and gene expression. Individual ion currents exhibited oscillatory patterns matching experimental data both in current levels and phase relationships. VIP and GABA neurotransmitters, which encode synaptic signals across the SCN, were found to play critical roles in daily oscillations of membrane excitability and gene expression. Blocking various mechanisms of intracellular calcium accumulation by simulated pharmacological agents (nimodipine, IP3- and ryanodine-blockers) reproduced experimentally observed trends in firing rate dynamics and core-clock gene transcription. The intracellular calcium concentration was shown to regulate diverse circadian processes such as firing frequency, gene expression and system periodicity. The model predicted a direct relationship between firing frequency and gene expression amplitudes, demonstrated the importance of intracellular pathways for single cell behavior and provided a novel multiscale framework which captured characteristics of the SCN at both the electrophysiological and gene regulatory levels.
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To cite BioModels Database, please use Le Novère N., Bornstein B., Broicher A., Courtot M., Donizelli M., Dharuri H., Li L., Sauro H., Schilstra M., Shapiro B., Snoep J.L., Hucka M. (2006) BioModels Database: A Free, Centralized Database of Curated, Published, Quantitative Kinetic Models of Biochemical and Cellular Systems Nucleic Acids Res., 34: D689-D691.
Project description:Bilaterian animals differ from other metazoans in their apparent bilateral symmetry and the development of a third germ layer. Both might have facilitated the evolution of the diverse and complex bilaterian body plans. The first cnidarian genome sequence revealed that despite their morphological simplicity, this sister group to all bilaterians shares an immense genomic complexity with vertebrates. This suggested that it might have been the complexity of gene regulation which increased during the evolution of bilaterians. We compared the gene regulatory landscape of cnidarians and bilaterians. To this end we generated the first genome-wide prediction of gene regulatory elements and profiled five epigenetic marks in a non-bilaterian animal, the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. We found that the location of chromatin modifications relative to genes and distal enhancers is conserved among eumetazoans. Surprisingly, the genomic landscape of gene regulatory elements is highly similar between Nematostella and bilaterian model organisms. This suggests that complex regulation of developmental gene expression evolved in eumetazoans without a major increase in complexity in bilaterians. ChIP-seq of p300, RNA Pol2, and five histone modifications in Nematostella vectensis.
Project description:We investigated environmental determinants of caste differences in paper wasps, specifically the effects of differential nutrition. We found that nutritional restriction only partially biased wasp gene expression patterns toward being worker caste-like, which highlights the complex and multifactorial nature of environmental effects on the gene expression patterns underlying plastic phenotypes PRJNA242774; We sequenced mRNA from 16 individual 5th instar larval Polistes metricus heads from 4 groups: worker-reared (n=4), foundress-reared (n=4), restricted nutrition (n=4), and ad libitum (n=4).
Project description:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the gene expression patterns from colorectal mucosal cells collected through the use of a standard anoscope and cytology brush. Patients will include those scheduled for routine colonoscopy procedures and those with confirmed colorectal cancer.
Project description:Changes in Nematostella vectensis proteome expression were analyzed in 2 different Nematostella populations along the east coast of USA in different stress conditions vrs. normal growth temperature.
Project description:The objective of this experiment was to use transcriptional profiling of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue to develop a better understanding of the metabolic basis for poor weaned-pig transition. A total of 1,054 pigs were reared in commercial conditions and weighed at birth, weaning, and 3 weeks post- weaning. Transition average daily gain (tADG) was calculated as the average daily gain for the 3-week period post-weaning. Nine pigs from each of the lowest 10th percentile (low tADG) and the 60th-70th percentile (high tADG) were harvested at 3 weeks post-weaning. Differential expression analysis was conduced in both tissues using RNA-Seq methodology