Project description:MicroRNA expression profile of NB U118 cells transfected with a plasmid directing an inactive Adar2 vs an active Adar2 - 3 biological replicates
Project description:Here, we show that the splicing factor SRSF9 selectively controls the editing of many brain-specific sites in mammals. SRSF9 is more lowly expressed in the mammalian brain than in non-brain tissues. Gene perturbation experiments and minigene analysis of candidate sites demonstrated that SRSF9 could robustly repress A-to-I editing by ADAR2. We found that SRSF9 biochemically interacted with ADAR2 in the nucleus via its RRM2 domain alone. Additionally, this interaction required the presence of the RNA substrate and disrupted the formation of ADAR2 dimers. Using transcriptome-wide location analysis and genome-wide RNA profiling, we identified 1,328 editing sites that are regulated directly by SRSF9. Importantly, we showed that this SRSF9 regulon is significantly enriched for brain-specific editing sites despite our unbiased approach. We further provide evidence that SRSF9 prevents cells from undergoing apoptosis possibly through the inhibition of ADAR2-mediated editing. Collectively, our results highlighted the importance of SRSF9 as an editing regulator and suggested that other splicing factors may also be involved in regulating RNA editing.
Project description:MicroRNA expression profile of NB U118 cells transfected with a plasmid directing an inactive Adar2 vs an active Adar2 - 3 biological replicates 1 Condition experiment, 3 biological replicates, 2 replicates/array
Project description:To assess whether antiviral genes are upregulated by ADAR2 knockdown, we performed a comprehensive analysis using a microarray system for oligodendroglia cells introduced shRNA against ADAR2 or control. The inflammation- and immune response-related genes were upregulated in ADAR2-knockdown cells.
Project description:Purpose: Measure gene expression and RNA editing changes in Adar-WT and Adar2-KO MEFs Methods: Performed PolyA+ RNA-seq (single end, one sample each) of Adar2-WT and Adar2-KO MEFs Results: Observed changes in editing and gene expression of several genes Conclusion: Adar2 influences gene expression and editing of transcripts
Project description:Purpose: A-to-I RNA editing is critical for many cellular processes. The sites of A-I RNA editing can be identified through RNA-seq and matching the reads to the annotated database like RADAR. The goals of this study is to compare A-I RNA editing profile among wild type, ADAR2 overexpressing and ADAR2+SRSF9 overexpressing 293T cells to evaluate the influence of SRSF9 repressive action on A-I RNA editing Methods: A-I RNA editing profile and gene expression profiles were generated by deep sequencing from all the samples, using NEBNext® Ultra™ Directional RNA Library Prep Kit. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed for identifying the A-I RNA editing sites using RADAR Database Results: Upon overexpression of ADAR2, we found that 18,174 sites were differentially edited compared to control cells, of which 97.0% showed a significant increase in their editing levels as expected (P < 0.05, Fisher’s test). Furthermore, when we overexpressed both ADAR2 and SRSF9 together, we found that 6,994 sites were differentially edited compared to overexpression of the deaminase alone (P < 0.05, Fisher’s test). Importantly, the editing of 92.5% of these sites was down-regulated, consistent with the function of SRSF9 as a repressor of editing. Conclusions: Our study reports a detailed analysis of the effect of SRSF9 on A-I RNA editing of ADAR2-specific targets. We Conclude that this SRSF9 regulon is significantly enriched for brain-specific editing sites despite our unbiased approach.
Project description:Purpose: A-to-I RNA editing is critical for many cellular processes. The sites of A-I RNA editing can be identified through RNA-seq and matching the reads to the annotated database like RADAR. The goals of this study is to compare A-I RNA editing profile among wild type, ADAR2 overexpressing and ADAR2+SRSF9 overexpressing 293T cells to evaluate the influence of SRSF9 repressive action on A-I RNA editing Methods: A-I RNA editing profile and gene expression profiles were generated by deep sequencing from all the samples, using NEBNext® Ultra™ Directional RNA Library Prep Kit. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed for identifying the A-I RNA editing sites using RADAR Database Results: Upon overexpression of ADAR2, we found that 18,174 sites were differentially edited compared to control cells, of which 97.0% showed a significant increase in their editing levels as expected (P < 0.05, Fisher’s test). Furthermore, when we overexpressed both ADAR2 and SRSF9 together, we found that 6,994 sites were differentially edited compared to overexpression of the deaminase alone (P < 0.05, Fisher’s test). Importantly, the editing of 92.5% of these sites was down-regulated, consistent with the function of SRSF9 as a repressor of editing. Conclusions: Our study reports a detailed analysis of the effect of SRSF9 on A-I RNA editing of ADAR2-specific targets. We Conclude that this SRSF9 regulon is significantly enriched for brain-specific editing sites despite our unbiased approach.
Project description:Adenosine deaminases (ADARs) are RNA binding proteins that bind to double stranded RNA and convert adenosine to inosine. Editing creates multiple isoforms of neurotransmitter receptors, including AMPA-subtype Glutamate channels such as Gria2 that is edited to introduce a Q to R amino acid change. Adar2 knock out mice die of seizures shortly after birth, but if the Gria2 Q/R editing site is mutated to mimic the edited version then the animals are viable. We performed RNA-Seq on the frontal cortices of Adar2-/- Gria2R/R mice and their Adar2+/+ Gria2R/R littermates, quantifying overall gene expression, splicing, and A to I editing in a transcriptome-wide fashion. We found 56 editing sites whose level of editing was significantly diminished in the Adar2 deficient animals. The majority of Adar2 responsive editing sites were in the coding regions of genes. Interestingly, other than Adar2 expression, there were only two additional statistically significant differentially expressed genes, Flnb and Cdh13. There were also only three exons that showed statistically significant differences in expression levels between the two genotypes. This work illustrates that ADAR2 is important in site-specific changes of protein coding sequences but has only modest effects on gene expression or splicing in vivo. 6 ADAR2 Knock out frontal cortices and 6 litter mate control frontal cortices from male mice