Project description:Reproductive capacity can be altered by challenges experienced during critical periods of development, including fetal development and early neonatal life. Gossypol is a polyphenolic compound, commonly found in seeds of cotton plants, that impairs male reproduction. In this study, we investigated whether the exposure to gossypol in utero and during lactation alters testis development and testis gene expression in sheep.
Project description:[Original title] In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces disruption of the prostate glands and fibrosis in rhesus monkeys. We investigated the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure on the prostate in rhesus monkey offspring. Dams received 0, 30 or 300 ng/kg TCDD subcutaneously on Day 20 of gestation, and then 5% of the initial dose was injected every 30 days until Day 90 after delivery. The offspring were maintained until reaching sexual maturity, and examined histopathologically. Dose-dependent decreases in the prostate glands and widespread fibrosis were observed in offspring. It is noteworthy that 7 years from the final lactational TCDD exposure, inflammatory cell infiltration and disruption of the prostate glands were also observed. Differential mRNA expression associated with fibrosis, inflammatory response and disruption of cell components were demonstrated by microarray analysis, and up-regulation of TGM4, TGFB1, COL1A1 and MMP2 was confirmed with Real-time PCR. In conclusion, in utero and lactational exposure to TCDD induced dose-proportional prostatic fibrosis, indicating prostatic dysfunction and inducible semen quality reduction in second-generation rhesus monkeys.
Project description:The goal was to study the long term metabolic programming effects of exposure of offspring to a dam eating 60% high fat diet during the lactation period only. We previously showed that offspring from dams given lactational high fat diet (HFD) are predisposed to obesity, glucose intolerance and inflammation. The purpose of these studies was to understand the programming implications of lactational HFD on offspring metabolic liver disease risk. Dams were fed a 60% lard-based HFD from the day of delivery through the 21 day lactation period. Starting at weaning offspring were fed normal fat diet until 3 months of age at which point a subset were challenged with an additional HFD stressor. Lactational HFD fed male offspring developed hepatic insulin resistance. Postweaning HFD challenge led male offspring progressing to NAFLD with more severe outcomes in the lactational HFD challenged offspring.
Project description:[Original title] In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces disruption of the prostate glands and fibrosis in rhesus monkeys. We investigated the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure on the prostate in rhesus monkey offspring. Dams received 0, 30 or 300 ng/kg TCDD subcutaneously on Day 20 of gestation, and then 5% of the initial dose was injected every 30 days until Day 90 after delivery. The offspring were maintained until reaching sexual maturity, and examined histopathologically. Dose-dependent decreases in the prostate glands and widespread fibrosis were observed in offspring. It is noteworthy that 7 years from the final lactational TCDD exposure, inflammatory cell infiltration and disruption of the prostate glands were also observed. Differential mRNA expression associated with fibrosis, inflammatory response and disruption of cell components were demonstrated by microarray analysis, and up-regulation of TGM4, TGFB1, COL1A1 and MMP2 was confirmed with Real-time PCR. In conclusion, in utero and lactational exposure to TCDD induced dose-proportional prostatic fibrosis, indicating prostatic dysfunction and inducible semen quality reduction in second-generation rhesus monkeys. Dam received 0, 30 or 300 ng/kg TCDD subcutaneously on Day 20 of gestation, and then 5% of the initial dose was injected every 30 days until Day 90 after delivery. The offspring were maintained until reaching sexual maturity, and the prostates from 3 offspring in each group were evalutated by histopathological examination, microarray analysis and Real-time quantitative PCR. Supplementary file: Fold_change comparison results of 'control group vs 30 ng/kg group' and 'control group vs 300 ng/kg group'.
Project description:High dose level dibutyl phthalate (DBP) exposure of fetal rat testes in vivo inhibits testosterone production (i.e. endocrine disruption). Here, fetal testis mRNA levels were profiled following exposure to a DBP dose level that did not significantly reduce testosterone levels. The goal was to identify the constellation of gene expression changes that do not correlate with endocrine disruption. Fischer 344 rats were exposed via oral gavage of the dam to vehicle (corn oil) or 50 mg/kg (body weight) DBP daily from gestational day (GD) 12 to 20. The day after mating was defined as gestational day 0. Six hours after the final exposure on GD20, fetal testes were dissected and mRNA levels quantified using Affymetrix Rat Expression 230 2.0 microarrays.
Project description:Neonicotinoid pesticides which were developed newly since the 1980s are chemically similar to nicotine. Prenatal and lactational exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides has been shown to cause reproductive toxicity in males, but not yet in female mice. We investigated effects of in utero and lactational exposure to a neonicotinoid pesticide, clothianidin (CLO) on gene expression profiles of the ovary in 3 weeks old mice.
Project description:Provided later Pregnant Fisher 344 rats will be purchased from Charles River Laboratories, Inc. and delivered to CIIT on gestational day (GD) 7 (GD0 = day first vaginal plug positive). At gestational day 12 (GD12), the dams will be exposed once/day until GD20 to 50 mg/kg dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in corn oil vehicle via oral gavage. Each dose group will contain 4-6 vehicle control or phthalate treated dams. Groups of animals will be sacrificed at GD20, postnatal day (PND) 35, and PND90 for endpoint analysis. At GD20, treated and control animals will be examined for various endpoints including body weight, testicular histopathology, gene expression profile via microarray analysis, and anogenital distance (AGD). AGD (at parturition; PND1) and nipple number/location (at PND14 and day of sacrifice) will be determined on animals in the postnatal groups. At PND35 or 90, one male from each in utero corn oil vehicle or DBP exposed group will receive a second gavage of either corn oil or 500 mg/kg DBP. 6 hours after the second gavage, the following endpoints will be examined: 1) testis histopathology; 2) spermatid head quantification (PND90 only); 3) testis and body weights; 5) genome-wide gene expression (via microarray); and 6) germ cell apoptosis (TUNEL assay).