Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA599546 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Genome-wide CRISPRi Screen for Regulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum Autophagy (ER-phagy)
| PRJNA599329 | ENA
Project description:AtbZIP60 is one of the transcription factors involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in Arabidopsis. To identify genes under the control of AtbZIP60 during ER stress, we compared the genome-wide expression profiles of wild-type and atbzip60 mutant plants in response to the ER stress inducer tunicamycin.
2008-11-19 | E-MEXP-1753 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by excessive desmoplasia and autophagy-dependent tumorigenic growth. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) as a predominant stromal cell type play a critical role in PDAC biology. Autophagy facilitates PSC activation. However, the mechanism remains unknown. To investigate the mechanism of autophagy in PSC activation, gene expression profiles between patient-derived PSCs from pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were compared using a gene expression microarray. Here, we found that endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2), which resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, was highly expressed in both cancer-associated PSCs and pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). We found that high stromal ERAP2 expression is associated with a poor prognosis of PDAC patients. Knockdown of ERAP2 inhibited autophagy of PSCs and PCCs. In PSCs, inhibition of autophagy by ERAP2 knockdown led to inactivation of PSCs and attenuated tumor-stromal interactions. This process was mediated by ER stress and consequent IRE1α and PERK unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. In orthotopic models, ERAP2 knockdown in PSCs inhibited growth and fibrosis of xenografted tumor compared with coimplantation of PSCs without ERAP2 knockdown, and gemcitabine treatment further inhibited tumor growth. Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of PSCs activation regulated by autophagy. ERAP2 as a promising therapeutic target may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of PDAC.
2022-04-30 | GSE172168 | GEO
Project description:Disruption of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum triggers the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), a transcriptional and translational control network designed to restore protein homeostasis. Central to the UPR is PERK phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF2 (eIF2~P), which represses global translation coincident with preferential translation of mRNAs, such as ATF4 and CHOP, that serve to implement the UPR transcriptional regulation. In this study, we used sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and a genome-wide microarray approach to measure changes in mRNA translation during ER stress. Our analysis suggests that translational efficiencies vary across a broad range during ER stress, with the majority of transcripts being either repressed or resistant to eIF2~P, while a notable cohort of key regulators are subject to preferential translation. From this latter group, we identify IBTKa as being subject to both translation and transcriptional induction during eIF2~P in both cell lines and a mouse model of ER stress. Translational regulation of IBTKalpha mRNA involves the stress-induced relief of two inhibitory uORFs in the 5'-leader of the transcript. Depletion of IBTKalpha by shRNA reduced viability of cultured cells coincident with increased caspase 3/7 cleavage, suggesting that IBTKalpha is a key regulator in determining cell fate during the UPR. We used a genome-wide microarray approach to determine how individual mRNAs were differentially translated during endoplasmic reticulum stress.
2014-06-02 | GSE54581 | GEO
Project description:The endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway is responsible for ubiquitin-mediated quality control of secretory and ER-resident proteins. In the present study, two short-lived ER integral membrane model proteins were used to screen a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 library, resulting in the identification of a new ERAD branch consisting of the RNF185/Membralin ubiquitin ligase complex. Biochemical and affinity pull-down studies followed by mass spectrometry revealed that the ubiquitin-like domain containing proteins TMUB-1 and -2 are also part of the core complex being specifically enriched by RNF185/Membralin but not by other known ERAD factors like HRD1. Genetic studies showed that the RNF185/Membralin complex control the degradation of endogenous integral membrane proteins, including TMUB2 itself and CYP51A1 from which the initial recombinant model protein was derived.
2020-08-03 | PXD018517 | Pride
Project description:To investigate whether ER stress underpins the secretion of mis-glycosylated glycoproteins by trophoblast, we treated trophoblast-like BeWo cells with the ER stress inducer thapsigargin (Tg), an inhibitor specific for sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.
2022-12-04 | E-MTAB-10943 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Translocon clogging at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a result of translation stalling triggers ribosome UFMylation, activating Translocation-Associated Quality Control (TAQC) to degrade clogged substrates. How cells sense ribosome UFMylation to initiate TAQC is unclear. We conduct a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify an uncharacterized membrane protein named SAYSD1 that facilitates TAQC. SAYSD1 associates with the Sec61 translocon, and also recognizes both ribosome and UFM1 directly, engaging a stalled nascent chain to ensure its transport via the TRAPP complex to lysosomes for degradation. Like UFM1 deficiency, SAYSD1 depletion causes the accumulation of translocation-stalled proteins at the ER and triggers ER stress. Importantly, disrupting UFM1- and SAYSD1-dependent TAQC in Drosophila leads to intracellular accumulation of translocation-stalled collagens, defective collagen deposition, abnormal basement membranes, and reduced stress tolerance. Thus, SAYSD1 acts as a UFM1 sensor that collaborates with ribosome UFMylation at the site of clogged translocon, safeguarding ER homeostasis during animal development.
2023-01-20 | GSE222104 | GEO
Project description:The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is an adaptive pathway that restores cellular homeostasis after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by an impairment of its protein folding capacity. The ER-resident kinase/ribonuclease Ire1 is the only UPR sensor that has been conserved during evolution from yeast to mammals; in these organisms, Ire1 transmits information from the ER to the nucleus trough the non-conventional splicing of Hac1 (yeast)/Xbp1 (metazoans) mRNA. We described the Dictyostelium discoideum ER-stress response and characterized its single bonafide Ire1 orthologue, IreA. We found that tunicamycin (TN) triggers a gene-expression program that increases the protein folding capacity of the ER and that alleviates ER protein load. Further, IreA resulted essential not only for cell-survival after TN-induced ER-stress, but also to accomplish about nearly 40% of the transcriptional changes induced upon a TN treatment. In addition, we described that autophagy is activated in Dictyostelium cells after a TN treatment and that autophagy-defective mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to this drug. The response of Dictyostelium cells to ER-stress involves the combined activation of an IreA-dependent gene expression program and the autophagy pathway.
2018-04-28 | GSE104409 | GEO
Project description:Lysosomal-autophagic degradation of Endoplasmic Reticulum via autophagy (ER-phagy) is emerging as critical regulator of ER homeostasis and function. However, the molecular mechanisms governing ER-phagy are still unknown. Working in chondrocytes, we found that ER-phagy and lysosome biogenesis are co-activated by FGF signaling during hypertrophic differentiation, a mandatory step for bone formation. FGF induced ER-phagy trough IRS1-dependent inhibition of the insulin signaling and activation of MiT/TFE transcription factors, master regulators of lysosome biogenesis. MiT/TFE promoted ER-phagy through the induction of the ER-phagy receptor FAM134B. Notably, the activation of ER-phagy promotes chondrocytes differentiation and secretion of factors required for cartilage replacement by bone. Consistently, medaka fish knock-down for FAM134B have impaired ossification of cranial bones. Thus, ER-phagy is a transcriptionally regulated process that participates to cell differentiation during development.
2020-07-15 | PXD015331 | Pride
Project description:Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and death are central in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Saturated fatty acids cause beta-cell failure and contribute to diabetes development in genetically predisposed individuals. Here we used RNA-sequencing to map transcripts expressed in five palmitate-treated human islet preparations, observing 1,325 modified genes. Palmitate induced fatty acid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Functional studies identified novel mediators of adaptive ER stress signaling. Palmitate modified genes regulating ubiquitin and proteasome function, autophagy and apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagic flux and lysosome function contributed to lipotoxicity. Palmitate inhibited transcription factors controlling beta-cell phenotype including PAX4 and GATA6. 59 type 2 diabetes candidate genes were expressed in human islets, and 11 were modified by palmitate. Palmitate modified expression of 17 splicing factors and shifted alternative splicing of 3,525 transcripts. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of modified transcripts and genes confirmed that top changed functions related to cell death. DAVID analysis of transcription binding sites in palmitate-modified transcripts revealed a role for PAX4, GATA and the ER stress response regulators XBP1 and ATF6. This human islet transcriptome study identified novel mechanisms of palmitate-induced beta-cell dysfunction and death. The data point to crosstalk between metabolic stress and candidate genes at the beta-cell level. 5 human islet of Langerhans preparations examined under 2 conditions (control and palmitate treatment)
2014-01-09 | E-GEOD-53949 | biostudies-arrayexpress