Bees
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA615177 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Our aim was to identify the genes that are responsible for caste differentiation in the primitively eusocial bumble bee, Bombus terrestris. To do this we extracted RNA from both queen- and worker-destined larvae. We extracted RNA from three key stages during bumble bee development (before, during, and after their caste becomes fixed), and then sent the sequencing to the Earlham Institute. They used mRNAseq to isolate the RNA from each developmental stage and caste pathway.
2020-11-16 | GSE90751 | GEO
Project description:The microsporidia Nosema ceranae are intracellular parasites that proliferate in the midgut epithelial cells of honey bees (Apis mellifera). To analyze the pathological effects of those microsporidia, we orally infected honey bee workers 7 days after their emergence. Bees were flash frozen 15 days after the infection. Then, the effects on the gut ventriculi were analyzed and compared to non-infected (control) bees.
2012-05-23 | GSE25455 | GEO
Project description:Allogrooming is a behaviour in which a worker uses its mouth parts to remove debris from the body of other colony members. This behaviour, observed in several species of eusocial insects, play a role in defence against parasites and pathogens. In honeybees, allogrooming represents an important resistance mechanism that seems to limit ectoparasites load, especially mites, within colonies and its expression depends on genetic and environmental factors. The degree of specialization of individuals performing this task is still unclear and behavioural and physiological correlates of allogroomers are largely unknown. It would be advantageous for allogroomers to be able to detect nestmates needing to be groomed. Since many stressors, including pathogens and parasites, change the odour of workers in A. mellifera, an enhanced perception of such chemical cues could contribute to a possibly specialized phenotype of allogroomers. Indeed, antennae play a key role in the expression of hygienic behaviours and proteomic investigation also showed that in the honeybee individuals performing different tasks differ for antennal profile of soluble olfactory proteins, which play a crucial role in the first steps of odour recognition. We thus investigated the expression of olfactory proteins in the antennae, predicting that if allogroomers have any degree of chemosensory specialization, this would reflect in a different antennal proteomic profile.
2020-06-08 | PXD017651 | Pride
Project description:During the nest-founding phase of the bumble bee colony cycle, queens undergo striking changes in maternal care behavior. Early in the founding phase, prior to the emergence of workers in the nest, queens are reproductive and also provision and feed their offspring. However, later in the founding phase, queens cease feeding offspring and become specialized on reproduction. This transition is synchronized with the emergence of workers in the colony, who assume the task of feeding their siblings. Using a social manipulation experiment, we tested the hypothesis that workers socially regulate the transition from feeding brood to specialization on reproduction in nest-founding bumble bee queens. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that early-stage queens with workers prematurely added to their nests reduce their brood-feeding behavior and increase egg-laying, and likewise, late-stage queens increase their brood-feeding behavior and decrease egg-laying when workers are removed from their nests. Further, brood-feeding and egg-laying behavior were negatively correlated in these queens. We used an Agilent brain EST-based microarray to explore a second hypothesis, that workers alter brain gene expression in nest-founding queens. We found evidence that brain gene expression in nest-founding queens is altered by the presence of workers, with the effect much stronger in late-stage founding queens. Additionally, expression levels of some genes were correlated with quantitative differences in brood-feeding and egg-laying behavior. This study provides new insights into how the transition from feeding brood to specialization on reproduction in bumble bee queens is regulated during the nest initiation phase of the colony cycle.
2014-06-21 | E-MTAB-1855 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Responses to social cues, such as pheromones, can be modified by genotype, physiology, or environmental context. Honey bee queens produce a pheromone (queen mandibular pheromone; QMP) which regulates many aspects of worker bee behavior and physiology. Forager honey bees are less responsive to QMP than young nurse bees engaged in brood care, suggesting that physiological changes associated with behavioral maturation may modulate response to this pheromone. Since cGMP is a major regulator of behavioral maturation in honey bee workers, we examined its role in modulating worker responses to QMP. Treatment with a cGMP analog, 8-Br-cGMP, resulted in significant reductions in both behavioral and physiological responses to QMP in young caged workers. Treatment significantly reduced attraction to QMP (the retinue response) and inhibited the QMP-mediated increase in vitellogenin levels in the fat bodies of worker bees. Genome-wide analysis of brain gene expression patterns demonstrated that cGMP has a larger effect on expression levels than QMP, and that QMP has specific effects in the presence of cGMP, suggesting that some responses to QMP may be dependent on an individual beesM-^R physiological state. Several functional gene categories were significantly differentially expressed, including genes involved in regulating GTPase activity, phototransduction, immunity, and carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity. Overall, our data suggest that cGMP-mediated processes play a large role in modulating responses to queen pheromone in honey bees, at the behavioral, physiological and molecular levels.
2011-06-15 | E-MEXP-3135 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The microsporidia Nosema ceranae are intracellular parasites that proliferate in the midgut epithelial cells of honey bees (Apis mellifera). To analyze the pathological effects of those microsporidia, we orally infected honey bee workers 7 days after their emergence. Bees were flash frozen 15 days after the infection. Then, the effects on the gut ventriculi were analyzed and compared to non-infected (control) bees. Comparisons of control vs Nosema ceranae bees
2011-08-31 | E-GEOD-25455 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Sexual reproduction brings genes from two parents – matrigenes and patrigenes – into one individual. These genes, despite being unrelated, should show nearly perfect cooperation because each gains equally through production of offspring. However, an individual’s matrigenes and patrigenes can have different probabilities of being present in other relatives, so that kin selection could act on them differently. Such intragenomic conflict could be implemented by partial or complete silencing (imprinting) of an allele by one of the parents. Evidence supporting this theory is seen in offspring-mother interactions, with patrigenes favoring acquisition of more of the mother's resources if some of the costs fall on half siblings who do not share the patrigene. The kinship theory of intragenomic conflict is little tested in other contexts, but it predicts that matrigene-patrigene conflict may be rife in social insects. We tested the hypothesis that honey bee worker reproduction is promoted more by patrigenes than matrigenes by comparing across 9 reciprocal crosses of two distinct genetic stocks. As predicted, hybrid workers show reproductive trait characteristics of their paternal stock, indicating enhanced activity of the patrigenes on these traits, greater patrigenic than matrigenic expression, and significantly increased patrigenic biased expression in reproductive workers. These results support both the general prediction that matrigene-patrigene conflict occurs in social insects and the specific prediction that honey bee worker reproduction is driven more by patrigenes. The success of these predictions suggests that intragenomic conflict may occur in many contexts where matrigenes and patrigenes have different relatednesses to affected kin.
2015-12-19 | GSE76164 | GEO
Project description:In honey bees (Apis mellifera) the behaviorally and reproductively distinct queen and worker female castes derive from the same genome as a result of differential intake of royal jelly and are implemented in concert with DNA methylation. To determine if these very different diet-controlled phenotypes correlate with unique brain methylomes, we conducted a study to determine the methyl cytosine (mC) distribution in the brains of queens and workers at single-base-pair resolution using shotgun bisulfite sequencing technology. The whole-genome sequencing was validated by deep 454 sequencing of selected amplicons representing eight methylated genes. We found that nearly all mCs are located in CpG dinucleotides in the exons of 5,854 genes showing greater sequence conservation than non-methylated genes. Over 550 genes show significant methylation differences between queens and workers, revealing the intricate dynamics of methylation patterns. The distinctiveness of the differentially methylated genes is underscored by their intermediate CpG densities relative to drastically CpG-depleted methylated genes and to CpG-richer non-methylated genes. We find a strong correlation between methylation patterns and splicing sites including those that have the potential to generate alternative exons. We validate our genome-wide analyses by a detailed examination of two transcript variants encoded by one of the differentially methylated genes. The link between methylation and splicing is further supported by the differential methylation of genes belonging to the histone gene family. We propose that modulation of alternative splicing is one mechanism by which DNA methylation could be linked to gene regulation in the honey bee. Our study describes a level of molecular diversity previously unknown in honey bees that might be important for generating phenotypic flexibility not only during development but also in the adult post-mitotic brain. This study looked at the DNA methylation levels of queen and worker honeybees
2014-04-01 | E-GEOD-56399 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Social organization is commonly dynamic with extreme examples in annual eusocial insects ("annual superorganisms"), but the signals and mechanisms regulating social organization remained elusive. In annual bumble bee colonies, larvae with a close contact to a queen do not differentiate into gynes, pupate at an earlier age, and are commonly smaller than siblings that do not contact a queen. We combined detailed observations, proteomics, microRNA transcriptomics, and gland removal surgery, to study the regulation of brood development and division of labor in the model bumble bee Bombus terrestris. We found that regurgitates fed to larvae by queens and workers differ in their protein and microRNA composition. The proteome of the regurgitate overlaps significantly with that of the mandibular (MG) and hypopharyngeal glands (HPG), suggesting that these exocrine glands are the sources of some regurgitate proteins. The MG and HPG proteomes , but not that of the salivary glands, differed between queens and workers, with the caste-specificity preserved for the MG and regurgitate proteomes. Queens subjected to a surgical removal of the MG showed normal behavior and brood care, but failed to manipulate the developmental program of the brood they reared. These findings suggest that substances in the queen MG are fed to larvae and influence their developmental program. As the colony grows, an increasing number of workers feed larvae and by that reduce the effects of the queen substances, such that she can no longer manipulate the development of all larvae, and the colony switches from producing workers (ergonomic phase) to gynes (reproductive phase).
2023-10-05 | PXD039851 | Pride
Project description:Honey bee drones, queens and workers have vastly different phenotypes. Here we profile the the expression level of mRNAs and microRNAs of honeybee, drones, queens and workers at the L5 larval stage (91 hours +/- 1).
2015-09-06 | GSE61253 | GEO