Project description:During the process of flower opening, most petals move downward in the direction of pedicel (i.e., epinastic movement). In most Delphinium flowers, however, their two lateral petals display a very peculiar movement, the mirrored helical rotation. Such a distinctive petal movement requires the twist of the stalk. However, in some lineages, their lateral petals also exhibit asymmetric bending that increases the degree of mirrored helical rotation, facilitating the formation of a 3D final shape. Notably, the petal asymmetric bending is a novel trait that has not been noticed yet so that its morphological nature, developmental process and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, by using D. anthriscifolium as a model, we determined that the petal asymmetric bending was caused by localized expansion of cell width, accompanied with specialized arrangement of surface ornamentation, on the adaxial epidermis. Digital gene analyses, gene expression and functional studies revealed that a class I homeodomain-leucine zipper family transcription factor gene, DeanLATE MERISTEM IDENTITY1 (DeanLMI1), contributes to the petal asymmetric bending; knockdown of it led to the formation of explanate 2D petals. Specifically, DeanLMI1 promotes cell expansion in width and influences the arrangement of surface ornamentation, through regulating the auxin distribution, on the localized adaxial epidermis. These results not only provide a comprehensive portrait of petal asymmetric bending for the first time, but also shed some new insight into the mechanisms of flower opening and helical movement in plants.
Project description:The draft genome of L. sativa (lettuce) cv. Tizian was sequenced in two Illumina sequencing runs, mate pair and shotgun. This entry contains the RAW sequencing data.
Project description:The purpose of this study was to measure DNA methylation and siRNA expression across the maize genome. The experimental data was derived from shotgun bisulfite sequencing, siRNA sequencing, and mRNA sequencing (Illumina, single end for all three)
Project description:Whole-genome sequencing is an important way to understand the genetic information, gene function, biological characteristics, and living mechanisms of organisms. There is no difficulty to have mega-level genomes sequenced at present. However, we encountered a hard-to-sequence genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage PaP1. The shotgun sequencing method failed to dissect this genome. After insisting for 10 years and going over 3 generations of sequencing techniques, we successfully dissected the PaP1 genome with 91,715 bp in length. Single-molecule sequencing revealed that this genome contains lots of modified bases, including 51 N6-methyladenines (m6A) and 152 N4-methylcytosines (m4C). At the same time, further investigations revealed a novel immune mechanism of bacteria, by which the host bacteria can recognize and repel the modified bases containing inserts in large scale, and this led to the failure of the shotgun method in PaP1 genome sequencing. Strategy of resolving this problem is use of non-library dependent sequencing techniques or use of the nfi- mutant of E. coli DH5M-NM-1 as the host bacteria to construct the shotgun library. In conclusion, we unlock the mystery of phage PaP1 genome hard to be sequenced, and discover a new mechanism of bacterial immunity in present study. Methylation profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage PaP1 using kinetic data generated by single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing on the PacBio RS.
Project description:Part of a set of highly integrated epigenome maps for Arabidopsis thaliana. Keywords: Illumina high-throughput bisulfite sequencing Whole genome shotgun bisulfite sequencing of wildtype Arabidopsis plants (Columbia-0), and met1, drm1 drm2 cmt3, and ros1 dml2 dml3 null mutants using the Illumina Genetic Analyzer.