Project description:The mucosae of the oral cavity are different at the histological level but are all exposed to common genotoxic agents. As a result of this exposure, changes in the mucosal epithelia develop giving rise to Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions (OPMLs), which with time may in turn progress to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). Therefore, much effort should be devoted to identify features able to predict the likeliness of progression associated with an OPML. Such features may be helpful in assisting the clinician to establish both appropriate therapies and follow-up schedules. Here, we report a pilot study that compared the anatomical subsites of OPMLs development with occurrence of DNA aneuploidy and chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs). Multiple samples from histologically diagnosed OPMLs were processed for high resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) in order to determine the relative DNA content expressed by the DNA index (DI). Additionally, array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (a-CGH) analysis was performed on FCM-sorted nuclei subpopulations based on DI values. Tongue OPMLs were more frequently associated with DNA aneuploidy and CNAs than OPMLs arising from all the other mucosal subsites. We suggest that the follow-up and the management of the patients with tongue OPMLs should receive a distinctive special attention. Clearly, this conclusion should be validated in a prospective clinical study. exposed to common genotoxic agents. As a result of this exposure, changes in the mucosal epithelia develop giving rise to Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions (OPMLs), which with time may in turn progress to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). Therefore, much effort should be devoted to identify features able to predict the likeliness of progression associated with an OPML. Such features may be helpful in assisting the clinician to establish both appropriate therapies and follow-up schedules. Here, we report a pilot study that compared the anatomical subsites of OPMLs development with occurrence of DNA aneuploidy and chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs). Multiple samples from histologically diagnosed OPMLs were processed for high resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) in order to determine the relative DNA content expressed by the DNA index (DI). Additionally, array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (a-CGH) analysis was performed on FCM-sorted nuclei subpopulations based on DI values. Tongue OPMLs were more frequently associated with DNA aneuploidy and CNAs than OPMLs arising from all the other mucosal subsites. We suggest that the follow-up and the management of the patients with tongue OPMLs should receive a distinctive special attention. Clearly, this conclusion should be validated in a prospective clinical study. We analyzed: 19 samples (4 aneuploid and 15 diploid components) deriving from oral potentially malignant lesions without dysplasia obtained of 16 patients; 14 samples (2 aneuploid and 12 diploid components) deriving from oral potentially malignant lesions with dysplasia obtained from 11 patients (two patients had multiple dysplastic lesions); 2 samples from visually normal mucosa in the near field obtained from two patients with dysplastic lesions. All the aneuploid samples had a purity of at least 90%.

Project description:The aim of the study was to address the concept of field cancerization in oral cancer. The presence of genomic aberrations, indicative of chromosomal instability (CIN), in oral distant fields (ODFs) of visually normal and non-dysplastic mucosa at the mirror image from concomitant oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) was investigated. This pilot study comprised 16 OPMLs (8 without dysplasia, nd-OPMLs; 8 with dysplasia, d-OPMLs) and 16 ODFs. DNA diploid (DNA Index, DI=1) and aneuploid (DIM-bM-^IM- 1) sublines were detected by high resolution DNA-flow cytometry (FCM) at (hr DNA-FCM) using DAPI stained nuclei suspensions. Nuclei with different DIs were FCM-sorted in order to enrich the epithelial component and to obtain genomic DNA for high resolution oligonucleotide array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (a-CGH) analysis to provide a genome-wide measurement of DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs). The frequencies of DNA aneuploidy in ODFs and OPMLs were 6.2% and 43.8%, respectively (p=0.037). ODFs and nd-OPMLs were all near-diploid (DIM-bM-^IM- 1 and DIM-bM-^IM-$1.4), while d-OPMLs were also high-aneuploid (DI>1.4). CNA averages were 2.3 in ODFs (1.5 for nd-OPMLs and 3.1 for d-OPMLs), and 7.325 in OPMLs (3.0 in nd-OPMLs; 11.6 in d-OPMLs). CNAs were present in the DNA diploid sublines and often the same CNAs were observed in both ODFs and corresponding OPMLs DNA aneuploid sublines and CNAs in the present series of 16 ODFs are likely to represent early events of the natural history of oral carcinogenesis and to indicate an early onset of the field effect cancerization. Moreover, gains within 20q13.33-qter, 7p22.2-pter and 16p13.3-pter chromosomal regions in ODFs and in the relative OPMLs suggest that specific genes localized in these regions (RTEL1, MAD1L1 and TEL2) might contribute to the ODF/d-OPML transition. We analyzed: 8 samples of oral potentially malignant lesions with dysplasia, 8 samples of oral potentially malignant lesions without dysplasia and for each patient a corresponding oral distant field of visually normal mucosa.

Project description:The mucosae of the oral cavity are different at the histological level but are all exposed to common genotoxic agents. As a result of this exposure, changes in the mucosal epithelia develop giving rise to Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions (OPMLs), which with time may in turn progress to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). Therefore, much effort should be devoted to identify features able to predict the likeliness of progression associated with an OPML. Such features may be helpful in assisting the clinician to establish both appropriate therapies and follow-up schedules. Here, we report a pilot study that compared the anatomical subsites of OPMLs development with occurrence of DNA aneuploidy and chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs). Multiple samples from histologically diagnosed OPMLs were processed for high resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) in order to determine the relative DNA content expressed by the DNA index (DI). Additionally, array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (a-CGH) analysis was performed on FCM-sorted nuclei subpopulations based on DI values. Tongue OPMLs were more frequently associated with DNA aneuploidy and CNAs than OPMLs arising from all the other mucosal subsites. We suggest that the follow-up and the management of the patients with tongue OPMLs should receive a distinctive special attention. Clearly, this conclusion should be validated in a prospective clinical study. exposed to common genotoxic agents. As a result of this exposure, changes in the mucosal epithelia develop giving rise to Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions (OPMLs), which with time may in turn progress to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). Therefore, much effort should be devoted to identify features able to predict the likeliness of progression associated with an OPML. Such features may be helpful in assisting the clinician to establish both appropriate therapies and follow-up schedules. Here, we report a pilot study that compared the anatomical subsites of OPMLs development with occurrence of DNA aneuploidy and chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs). Multiple samples from histologically diagnosed OPMLs were processed for high resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) in order to determine the relative DNA content expressed by the DNA index (DI). Additionally, array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (a-CGH) analysis was performed on FCM-sorted nuclei subpopulations based on DI values. Tongue OPMLs were more frequently associated with DNA aneuploidy and CNAs than OPMLs arising from all the other mucosal subsites. We suggest that the follow-up and the management of the patients with tongue OPMLs should receive a distinctive special attention. Clearly, this conclusion should be validated in a prospective clinical study.

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Early changes in the immune microenvironment during oral tumorigenesis reveal an unexpected protective role of M2 macrophages in oral potentially malignant disorders

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