Transcriptome analysis of whole lung tissue from anti-PD-1 therapy-treated mice
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PROVIDER: PRJNA762682 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:IIn contrast to the young mice treated with anti-PD-1 therapy, aged mice exhibited immune-related adverse event (irAE)-like symptoms in the lung when treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. To understand the molecular events underlying the development of anti-PD-1 therapy-induced irAE, we employed deep RNA sequencing of whole lung transcript from anti-PD-1 therapy-treated young and aged mice. In order to further evaluate the effect of IL-21 signal on PD-1-blockade-mediated immune response, gene expression profile in lung tissue from aged mice twith the blockade of IL-21 activity was also assessed.
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Project description:Combinational blockade of B7S1 and PD-1 exhibits stronger anti-tumor efficacy than monotherapies. In order to further understand the mechanisms whereby blockade of B7S1 or PD-1 inhibits tumor growth, we conducted ATAC-seq analysis of OVA-specific CD8+ TILs from E.G7-bearing mice treated with control antibodies, anti-B7S1, anti-PD-1 monotherapy or combinational therapy.
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Project description:Combination Anti-PD-1 and Anti-retroviral Therapy Provides Therapeutic Benefit Against SIV
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Project description:PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade provides significant clinical benefits for cancer patients. However, factors influencing innate sensitivity remain incompletely catalogued. We analyzed the somatic mutanomes and transcriptomes of pretreatment melanoma biopsies. Mutations in cell adhesion genes and the DNA repair gene BRCA2 were enriched in responding tumors, and a high mutational load associated with improved survival. Innately resistant tumors displayed frequent transcriptomic up-expression of genes that enriched for mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion, ECM organization, wound-healing and angiogenesis. The transcriptomes of innate resistance also enriched for signatures indicating up-regulation of these processes. Notably, MAPK-targeted therapy (MAPKi) induced similar signatures in melanoma, suggesting that a form of MAPKi resistance mediates cross-resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Co-enrichment of IPRIM (Innate anti-PD-1 Resistance Induced by MAPKi) signatures defined a transcriptomic subset across advanced cancers, suggesting that attenuating processes underlying these signatures may augment anti-PD1 responses. Thus, multi-factorial determinants influence anti-PD-1 patterns in melanoma.
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Project description:Therapeutic strategies that enhance anti-viral immunity and reduce the viral reservoir are critical to achieving durable remission of HIV. The co-inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) regulates CD8+ T cell dysfunction during chronic HIV and SIV infections 1-4. In addition, PD-1+ CD4+ T cells constitute a significant fraction of the HIV/SIV viral reservoir5-7. We previously demonstrated that in vivo blockade of PD-1 during chronic SIV infection improves the function of anti-viral CD8+ T cells and B cells 4,8. However, the immunological effects of PD-1 blockade during anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and the potential to destabilize the persistent HIV/SIV reservoir have not been studied. Here, we show that administration of anti-PD-1 antibody (PD-1 Ab) 10 days prior to initiation of ART rapidly enhanced anti-viral CD8+ T cell function and diminished interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) that resulted in markedly improved viral suppression in plasma and better Th17 cell reconstitution in the rectal mucosa following ART initiation. In addition, PD-1 blockade during suppressive ART resulted in transient increases in plasma viremia, induction of gene signatures associated with effector CD8+ T cell function and ISGs, and lower levels of cell associated replication-competent virus suggesting destabilization of the viral reservoir. Following ART interruption, PD-1 Ab treated animals showed markedly higher expansion of proliferating CXCR5+ Perforin+ Granzyme B+ effector CD8+ T cells and lower regulatory T cells that resulted in delayed viral rebound and better control of viremia. PD-1 blockade administered only during suppressive ART however was only partially effective. Our results indicate an optimal regimen of PD-1 blockade administered in combination with ART, that augments anti-viral CD8+ T cell function and reduces the viral reservoir leading to improved control of viral rebound after ART interruption. These results have important implications for developing novel therapeutic interventions to achieve durable remission of HIV.
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Project description:Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with diverse roles in homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer. In multiple syngeneic mouse tumor models, we found that blockade of IL-6 signaling (using an IL6R-blocking antibody) synergized with anti-PD-L1 therapy to drive potent anti-tumor CD8 T cell responses and tumor rejection. To better characterize the cell-intrinsic effects of IL-6 signaling in tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells during anti-PD-L1 therapy, we generated mice with genetic IL6R deficiency restricted to CD8 T cells by crossing IL6R.loxp and E8i.CD8.Cre mice (CD8ΔIL6R mice). Compared to WT littermate controls, we found that CD8ΔIL6R mice had stronger respones to anti-PD-L1 therapy in terms of improved CD8 T cell function (e.g. increased production of IFNγ and TNF, measured by flow cytometry) and enhanced tumor control, suggesting that direct IL-6 signaling in CD8 T cells is sufficient to impair anti-tumor immunity. In this study we aimed to characterize the phenotype of IL6R-deficient CD8 T cells in more detail via whole-transcriptome profiling. CD8ΔIL6R and WT littermates were implanted with MC38 tumors in the right flank; when tumors reached ~150mm3 in volume, animals were randomized to isotype control or anti-PD-L1 treatment. CD8 T cells were FACS-purified from tumor tissue 7 days later and profiled by bulk RNAseq. Compared to cells from WT mice, CD8 T cells from CD8ΔIL6R mice showed increased expression of interferon-driven gene signatures, increased expression of cell cycle genes, and increased expression of genes critical for oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, WT cells had higher expression of genes associated with naive and memory precursor cells. Thus, IL-6 signaling in tumor-reactive CD8 T cells limits their capacity to differentiate into potent anti-tumor effectors.
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