Dataset Information

RET Kinase Inhibition in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer, part 2

ABSTRACT: Increased treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with second-generation anti-androgen therapies (ADT) has coincided with a greater incidence of lethal, aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) tumors that have lost androgen receptor (AR) signaling. AVPC tumors may also express neuroendocrine markers, termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Recent evidence suggests kinase signaling may be an important driver of NEPC. To identify targetable kinases in NEPC, we performed global phosphoproteomics comparing AR-negative to AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines and identified multiple altered signaling pathways, including enrichment of RET kinase activity in the AR-negative cell lines. Clinical NEPC and NEPC patient derived xenografts displayed upregulated RET transcript and RET pathway activity. Pharmacologically inhibiting RET kinase in NEPC models dramatically reduced tumor growth and cell viability in mouse and human NEPC models. Our results suggest that targeting RET in NEPC tumors with high RET expression may be a novel treatment option.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Prostate Gland, Epithelial Cell

DISEASE(S): Prostate Cancer

SUBMITTER: Zoi Sychev

LAB HEAD: Zoi Sychev

PROVIDER: PXD012971 | Pride | 2020-05-29

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Publications

Targeting RET Kinase in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer.

VanDeusen Halena R HR Ramroop Johnny R JR Morel Katherine L KL Bae Song Yi SY Sheahan Anjali V AV Sychev Zoi Z Lau Nathan A NA Cheng Larry C LC Tan Victor M VM Li Zhen Z Petersen Ashley A Lee John K JK Park Jung Wook JW Yang Rendong R Hwang Justin H JH Coleman Ilsa I Witte Owen N ON Morrissey Colm C Corey Eva E Nelson Peter S PS Ellis Leigh L Drake Justin M JM

Molecular cancer research : MCR 20200527 8

The increased treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with second-generation antiandrogen therapies (ADT) has coincided with a greater incidence of lethal, aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) tumors that have lost dependence on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. These AR-independent tumors may also transdifferentiate to express neuroendocrine lineage markers and are termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Recent evidence suggests kinase signaling may be an ...[more]

PMID: 32461304

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Project description:The androgen receptor (AR) is an androgen-activated nuclear receptor. The androgen signaling axis is critical in all stages of prostate cancer, although the mechanism by which it contributes to tumorigenesis remains unclear. Mutations in the AR have been detected in prostate tumors; one such mutant, E231G, exhibits increased ligand sensitivity in the presence of specific cofactors. Mice with prostate-specific expression of AR-E231G invariably develop prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) by 12 weeks, and metastatic prostate cancer by 52 weeks. To determine a potential mechanism of AR-driven tumorigenesis in AR-E231G mice, we compared gene expression profiles in prostates of 12 week old AR-E231G mice with another AR-variant mouse strain (AR-T857A) that does not develop tumors. Pathway classification of the 132 candidate genes differentially expressed in AR-E231G mouse prostates compared to AR-T857A mouse prostates revealed enrichment for groups important in prostate cancer, including “cancer,” “fatty acid metabolism” and “cell cycle” pathways. Two genes significantly upregulated in the AR-E231G model were Adm and Cited1. siRNA suppression of ADM and CITED1 expression by up to 63% and 79%, respectively, in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, resulted in an approximate 1.8-fold increase in cell death. Cell proliferation was reduced by 35% when CITED1 mRNA expression was suppressed, but not significantly altered by ADM suppression. A gene signature set derived from this model was able to distinguish between primary Gleason grade 3 and Gleason grade 4 tumors (p=0.04237), and between human non-malignant and cancerous prostate in a test (p=0.02352) and validation cohort (p=7.53x10-9), highlighting the relevance of the AR-E231G model to the human disease. RNA was extracted from ventral prostate tissue from 12-week old AR-E231G and AR-T857A mice in FVB background. Pooled RNA from 3 mice per genotype were extracted using the RNeasy kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD, USA), and 10 µg RNA was hybridized to a total of 2 Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 chip® microarrays. Microarray data was normalized by Robust Multiarray Averaging. Probes with expression changes were identified using a fold-change cut-off of log1.5. Normalized microarray data was analysed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA, Redwood City, CA, USA).

Project description:With the advent of potent second-line anti-androgen therapy, we and others have observed an increased incidence of androgen receptor (AR)-null small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer (SCNPC) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additionally, we have detected upregulated expression of MET and RET transcripts in SCNPC metastases relative to adenocarcinoma. Our study was designed to determine the effect of cabozantinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits MET, RET and VEGFR2, on SCNPC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in vivo. Surveillance of SU2C and University of Washington rapid autopsy mCRPC cohorts through RNA-Seq revealed that increased MET expression significantly correlated with loss of AR expression and activity. In vitro treatment of SCNPC PDX cells with AMG 337 had no impact on cell viability in LuCaP 93 (MET+/RET+) and LuCaP 173.1 (MET-/RET-), whereas cabozantinib decreased cell viability in LuCaP 93, but not in LuCaP 173.1. Notably, tumor volume was significantly decreased (p<0.001) with cabozantinib treatment in SCID mice bearing LuCaP 93 and LuCaP 173.1 tumors. Tissue analysis indicated that tumor cell proliferation was not inhibited by cabozantinib, but that cabozantinib decreased microvessel density (CD31) in LuCaP 93 (p<0.001) and LuCaP 173.1 (p<0.01) tumors. RNA-Seq and gene set enrichment analysis determined that hypoxia and glycolysis pathways were increased in cabozantinib treated tumors relative to control tumors. Thus, cabozantinib inhibited tumor growth in MET+/RET+ LuCaP 93 and MET-/RET- LuCaP 173.1 tumors in vivo and this activity was independent of MET or RET expression in LuCaP 173.1. Our data suggest that the most likely mechanism of tumor growth suppression is through disruption of the stromal architecture and cabozantinib may represent a potential therapy for patients with metastatic disease in tumor phenotypes that have a significant dependence on the tumor vasculature for survival and proliferation.

Dataset Information

RET Kinase Inhibition in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer, part 2

Publications

Targeting RET Kinase in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer.

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