Cerebral tissue of the animal model data LC-MS/MS
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S):
ORGANISM(S): Rattus Norvegicus (rat)
TISSUE(S): Brain
SUBMITTER: 
Bo Ma
LAB HEAD: Jianxun Liu
PROVIDER: PXD025480 | Pride | 2021-05-18
REPOSITORIES: Pride
Dataset's files
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| JDTL__1_.raw | Raw | |||
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Project description:INTRODUCTION Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an advanced neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive impairment in both memory loss and cognitive capacities, which resulting in severe dementia [1]. The pathogenesis of AD is complicated and poorly understood. According to the World Alzheimer Report 2018, it is estimated that AD affects at least 50 million persons throughout the world, and the number of people with AD will double nearly every 20 years [2]. Over the past decade, various theories have been developed for the neuropathological level of AD, but the most popular distinct pathological hallmarks is extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, as well as the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of the hyperphosphorylated tau in the form of in the select brain regions [3]. The other factors including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, brain inflammation and neurotransmitter disturbances pathology have been recognized as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of AD [4]. To date, only symptomatic therapies are available for AD patients. Cholinesterase inhibitors (CIs) are approved for mild to moderate AD patients, and memantine is the only one N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist has been approved for moderate to severe AD [5]. NMDAR is a glutamate ionotropic receptor, they display high Ca2+ permeability and voltage-dependent block by Mg2+[6]. In AD patients, NMDARs could be overactivated due to increasing glutamate release from presynaptic neurons. Overactived NMDARs lead first to Ca2+ overload in postsynaptic neurons, followed by desensitization and internalization, resulting in synaptic dysfunction and ultimately cell death [7, 8]. The numerous factors than can influence the levels of endogenous glutamate release in the pathogenesis of AD, deposition of Aβplaques, soluble Aβoligomers, NFTs, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been associated with the higher concentration of glutamate release[9, 10]. Memantine is an uncompetitive, moderate affinity NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist which is used for a further therapeutic option of moderate to severe AD [5]. Its effects have been investigated in a large number of in vitro and in vivo studies, which indicated that memantine can against Aβ-induced glutamate-mediated toxicity, attenuate phosphorylation of tau and reduces level of total precursor protein (APP) in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells [11], and lower Aβ1-42 secretion and plaques in primary cortical neuronal culture cells [9, 12]. Some studies showed that memantine also completely protected against Aβ-induced ROS injure in the primary hippocampal neurons [13]. Studies with transgenic animal models showed that memantine reduced the levels of soluble Aβ1-42, Aβ plaque deposition and lowered the loss of synaptic density in APP/PS1mice [4, 14, 15], and decreased the levels of total tau and hyperphosphorylated tau in 3×Tg-AD mice [3]. Furthermore, memantine altered genes expression in adult rat brain [16], and modulated protein profiles in Down syndrome mice brain [17]. However, no comprehensive study of proteomic characteristics description of 3×Tg-AD transgenic mice under the memantine treatment has been conducted to date as far as we searched. In order to better understand the multiple actions of memantine, we conducted detailed analysis of proteomics and bioinformatics to dissect the molecular mechanisms of memantine for the treatment of AD.
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Project description:Cerebral organoids â three-dimensional cultures of human cerebral tissue derived from pluripotent stem cells â have emerged as models of human cortical development. However, the extent to which in vitro organoid systems recapitulate neural progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation programs observed in vivo remains unclear. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to dissect and compare cell composition and progenitor-to-neuron lineage relationships in human cerebral organoids and fetal neocortex. Covariation network analysis using the fetal neocortex data reveals known and novel interactions among genes central to neural progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation. In the organoid, we detect diverse progenitors and differentiated cell types of neuronal and mesenchymal lineages, and identify cells that derived from regions resembling the fetal neocortex. We find that these organoid cortical cells use gene expression programs remarkably similar to those of the fetal tissue in order to organize into cerebral cortex-like regions. Our comparison of in vivo and in vitro cortical single cell transcriptomes illuminates the genetic features underlying human cortical development that can be studied in organoid cultures. 734 single-cell transcriptomes from human fetal neocortex or human cerebral organoids from multiple time points were analyzed in this study. All single cell samples were processed on the microfluidic Fluidigm C1 platform and contain 92 external RNA spike-ins. Fetal neocortex data were generated at 12 weeks post conception (chip 1: 81 cells; chip 2: 83 cells) and 13 weeks post conception (62 cells). Cerebral organoid data were generated from dissociated whole organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cell line 409B2 (iPSC 409B2) at 33 days (40 cells), 35 days (68 cells), 37 days (71 cells), 41 days (74 cells), and 65 days (80 cells) after the start of embryoid body culture. Cerebral organoid data were also generated from microdissected cortical-like regions from H9 embryonic stem cell derived organoids at 53 days (region 1, 48 cells; region 2, 48 cells) or from iPSC 409B2 organoids at 58 days (region 3, 43 cells; region 4, 36 cells).
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Project description:In our study, differential male nucleus events and development behaviors were revealed from the fertilized eggs in response to the sperm from males of genotypic sex determination (GSD) and temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in gibel carp. When the eggs of maternal fish were fertilized by the sperm from males of GSD, the fertilized egg encountered similar sexual reproduction events and behaviors. However, when the eggs of maternal fish were fertilized by the sperm from males of TSD, a typical process of gynogenesis was observed. To reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of differential sperm nucleus development behaviors in the fertilized eggs, iTRAQ-based quantitative semen proteomics were performed on three semen samples from three males of GSD and three semen samples from three males of TSD respectively.
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Project description:The pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is multifactorial with characteristic extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and intraneuronal aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Development of disease-modifying treatment for AD has been challenging. Recent studies suggest that deleterious alterations in neurovascular cells happens in parallel with Aβ accumulation, inducing tau pathology and necroptosis. Therefore, therapies targeting cellular Aβ and tau pathologies may provide a more effective strategy of disease intervention. Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone (TBN) is a nitrone derivative of tetramethylpyrazine, an active ingredient from Ligusticum wallichii Franchat (Chuanxiong). We previously showed that TBN is a potent scavenger of free radicals with multi-targeted neuroprotective effects in rat and monkey models of ischemic stroke. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-AD properties of TBN. We employed AD-related cellular model (N2a/APPswe) and transgenic mouse model (3×Tg-AD mouse) for mechanistic and behavioral studies. Our results showed that TBN markedly improved cognitive functions and reduced Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau levels in mouse model. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms revealed that TBN promoted non amyloidogenic processing pathway of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in N2a/APPswe in vitro. Moreover, TBN preserved synapses from dendritic spine loss and upregulated synaptic protein expressions in 3×Tg-AD mice. Proteomic analysis of 3×Tg-AD mouse hippocampal and cortical tissues showed that TBN induced neuroprotective effects through modulating mitophagy, MAPK and mTOR pathways. In particular, TBN significantly upregulated PINK1, a key protein for mitochondrial homeostasis, implicating PINK1 as a potential therapeutic target for AD. In summary, TBN improved cognitive functions in AD-related mouse model, inhibited Aβ production and tau hyperphosphorylation, and rescued synaptic loss and neuronal damage. Multiple mechanisms underlie the anti-AD effects of TBN including the modulation of APP processing, mTOR signaling and PINK1-related mitophagy.
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