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Systematic identification of factors involved in the silencing of germline genes in mouse embryonic stem cells

ABSTRACT: In mammals, many germline genes are repressed by epigenetic mechanisms to prevent their illegitimate expression in embryonic and somatic cells. To advance our understanding of the complete mechanisms restricting the expression of germline genes in mammals, we analyzed the chromatin signature of germline genes and performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out screen for genes involved in germline gene repression using a reporter system in which GFP is under the control of the epigenetically repressed Dazl germline promoter in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We showed that the repression of germline genes mainly depends on the polycomb complex PRC1.6 and DNA methylation, which function additively in mouse ESCs. Furthermore, we identified and validated several novel genes involved in the repression of germline genes, and characterized three of them: Usp7, Shfm1 (also known as Sem1) and Erh. Inactivation of Usp7, Shfm1 or Erh led to the upregulation of germline genes, as well as retrotransposons for Shfm1, in mouse ESCs. Functionally, Usp7 acts at two levels: firstly it associates with PRC1.6 components and represses germline genes independently of DNA methylation, and secondly it facilitates DNA methylation deposition at germline genes for long term repression. In summary, our study provides a global view of the epigenetic mechanisms and novel factors required for silencing germline genes in embryonic cells.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive Plus

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus (mouse)

TISSUE(S): Cell Culture, Embryonic Stem Cell

SUBMITTER: Johana Chicher

LAB HEAD: Michael Weber

PROVIDER: PXD030666 | Pride | 2023-02-03

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Identification of factors involved in the silencing of germline genes in mouse embryonic cells

Project description:In mammals, many germline genes are repressed by epigenetic mechanisms to prevent their illegitimate expression in embryonic and somatic cells. To advance our understanding of the complete mechanisms restricting the expression of germline genes in mammals, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out screen for genes involved in germline gene repression in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We identified and validated several novel genes involved in the repression of germline genes, and characterized three of them: Usp7, Shfm1 (also known as Sem1) and Erh. Inactivation of Usp7, Shfm1 or Erh leads to the upregulation of germline genes, as well as retrotransposons for Shfm1, in mouse ESCs.

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2023-08-08 | GSE197157 | GEO

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Project description:USP7, a ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP), plays an important role in many cellular processes through its catalytic deubiquitination of various substrates. However, its nuclear function to regulate gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) remains largely unknown. Here, we report that USP7 maintains mESCs identity through both catalytic activity-dependent and -independent repression of lineage differentiation genes. Usp7 depletion attenuates SOX2 level and derepresses lineage differentiation genes thereby compromising mESCs identity. Mechanistically, USP7 deubiquitinates and stabilizes SOX2 to repress mesoendodermal (ME) lineage genes. Moreover, USP7 assembles into RYBP-variant polycomb repressive complex 1 (vPRC1) and contributes to Polycomb chromatin domain-mediated repression of ME lineage genes in a catalytic activity-dependent manner. However, USP7 deficient in its deubiquitination function is able to maintain RYBP binding on chromatin to represses primitive endoderm-associated genes in mESCs. Overall, our study demonstrates that USP7 harbors both catalytic and non-catalytic scaffold activity to repress lineage differentiation genes thereby revealing a previously unrecognized role in controlling gene expression and maintaining mESCs identity.

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2014-11-17 | E-GEOD-53507 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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