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Multi-omic characterisation as a tool to improve knowledge, valorisation and conservation of wild fruit genetic resources: the case of Arbutus unedo L

ABSTRACT: The conservation of plant genetic resources (PGRs) is contingent on their current or potential use, so extending the knowledge about them is crucial for their valorization. The valorization and conservation of wild fruit PGRs are critical to ensure the maintenance of genetic and cultural heritage and to promote and develop of new perspectives on resource use. New strategies for characterizing PGRs are needed, and the omics approach can provide profound information that is still largely unknown. The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) is an underutilized, drought and fire-resistant species distributed in the Mediterranean area and its berries have large ethnobotanical use but were not usually consumed as fresh fruits. Although their phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity are known, they are not well characterised, particularly from a proteomic perspective. The aim of this work is the characterisation from a molecular viewpoint of two ecotypes of A. unedo (Campania and Sicily) to valorise a less known wild fruit PGR to encourage its preservation. Samples were collected from two different geographical areas to assess whether different geographical conditions could influence the characteristics of leaves and fruits at the three stages of ripening (green, veraison, red). Proteomic analysis identified 904 proteins, of which 122 showed significance along the ripening process. Some of these differentially abundant proteins, such as chalcone synthase, show a marked increase during ripening. From a proteomic perspective, there are no differences between the fruits from the two regions compared by the ripening stage. However, the pedoclimatic metabolic imprinting allowed the observation of good diversity in the metabolomic profiles between the two ecotypes, especially for anthocyanins and catechins, generally more abundant in Sicilian fruit, or the phenolic compounds more abundant in Campania fruit. Multi-omic characterisation enhanced the knowledge on a wild fruit plant species which shows specific adaptations and responses to the environment to be considered when addressing the issue of local agrobiodiversity.

INSTRUMENT(S): LTQ Orbitrap

ORGANISM(S): Arbutus Unedo

TISSUE(S): Fruit

SUBMITTER: Gabriella Pinto

LAB HEAD: Prof. Angela

PROVIDER: PXD041886 | Pride | 2023-08-31

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:Fruit ripening is a very important physiological process which gains relevance in crop species due to their economical and nutritional repercussions. During fruit ripening enormous metabolic changes occur in a genetically-controlled scenario affecting the physiology of most cell compartments. Peroxisomes are single-membrane bounded organelles present in all eukaryotes which display a noteworthy nitro-oxidative metabolism, and harbor catalase as one of the major antioxidant enzymes in cells. Quantitative proteomics analysis by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) was used to investigate the ripening process in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits. Out of 2,574 quantified proteins, 692 were found to be significantly more abundant in immature green fruits compared to red ones, but 497 showed a lower expression as the ripening proceeded. Overall, about 50% of the detectable proteins were estimated to modify their expression due to the ripening process. Data obtained from the Gene Ontology algorithms (AgriGO platform) showed that from all the identified proteins, 46 (2%) were only predicted to have a peroxisomal origin, with a high number of them displaying up-expression tendency during ripening. Catalase was framed within the group which showed lower expression in ripe fruits, but this enzyme was also susceptible to undergo posttranslational modifications (PTMs) promoted by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) through nitration, S-nitrosylation and oxidation events which provoked its inhibition. The biochemical characterization of catalase indicates that it has atypical native molecular mass (125-135 kDa), since it behaves as a homodimer, and isoelectric point of 7.4, which is higher than that of the majority of plant catalases reported so far. Taking together, these data suggest that ROS and RNS could be essential to modulate the role of catalase for the maintenance of basic cellular peroxisomal functions during pepper fruit ripening where nitro-oxidative stress occur.

Dataset Information

Multi-omic characterisation as a tool to improve knowledge, valorisation and conservation of wild fruit genetic resources: the case of Arbutus unedo L

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