Dataset Information

Direct translation of incoming retroviral genomes

ABSTRACT: Viruses that carry a positive-sense, single-stranded (+ssRNA) RNA translate their genomes soon after entering the host cell to produce viral proteins, with the exception of retroviruses. A distinguishing feature of retroviruses is reverse transcription, where the +ssRNA genome serves as a template to synthesize a double-stranded DNA copy that subsequently integrates into the host genome. As retroviral RNAs are produced by the host cell transcriptional machinery and are largely indistinguishable from cellular mRNAs, we investigated the potential of incoming retroviral genomes to directly express proteins. Here we show through multiple, complementary methods that retroviral genomes are translated after entry. Our findings challenge the notion that retroviruses require reverse transcription to produce viral proteins. Synthesis of retroviral proteins in the absence of productive infection has significant implications for basic retrovirology, immune responses and gene therapy applications.

INSTRUMENT(S): Bruker Daltonics timsTOF series

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human) Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

SUBMITTER: Joerg Doellinger

LAB HEAD: Peter Lasch

PROVIDER: PXD046777 | Pride | 2024-01-26

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Publications

Direct translation of incoming retroviral genomes.

Köppke Julia J Keller Luise-Elektra LE Stuck Michelle M Arnow Nicolas D ND Bannert Norbert N Doellinger Joerg J Cingöz Oya O

Nature communications 20240105 1

Viruses that carry a positive-sense, single-stranded (+ssRNA) RNA translate their genomes soon after entering the host cell to produce viral proteins, with the exception of retroviruses. A distinguishing feature of retroviruses is reverse transcription, where the +ssRNA genome serves as a template to synthesize a double-stranded DNA copy that subsequently integrates into the host genome. As retroviral RNAs are produced by the host cell transcriptional machinery and are largely indistinguishable ...[more]

PMID: 38182622

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Project description:Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) is a widespread virus affecting Vitis spp. Although it has established a compatible viral interaction in Vitis vinifera L. without the development of phenotypic alterations, it can occur as distinct variants that show different symptoms in diverse Vitis species. We investigated the changes induced by GRSPaV in V. vinifera cv Bosco, an Italian white grape variety, by combining agronomic, physiological, and molecular approaches, in order to provide comprehensive information about the global effects of GRSPaV. In two consecutive years, this virus caused a moderate decrease in physiological efficiency, yield performance, and sugar content in berries associated with several transcriptomic alterations. Transcript profiles were analysed by microarray techniques in petiole, leaf, and berry samples collected at véraison and by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in a time course carried out at five relevant grapevine developmental stages. Global gene expression analyses showed that transcriptomic changes were highly variable among the different organs and the different phenological phases. GRSPaV triggers some unique responses in the grapevine at véraison, never reported before for other plant-virus interactions, such as an increase in transcripts involved in photosynthesis and CO2 fixation, associated with a moderate reduction in the photosynthesis rate and some defence mechanisms, and to an overlap with responses to water and salinity stresses. We hypothesise that the long co-existence between grapevine and GRSPaV has resulted in the evolution of a form of mutual adaptation between the virus and its host. This study contributes to elucidating alternative mechanisms used by infected plants to contend with viruses. The study was carried out in a vineyard planted in 2002 in Albenga (Liguria), North-West Italy, where a row was established with the white grape cultivar Bosco (V. vinifera L.). Microarray analysis was carried out on leaves, petioles, and berries collected at véraison (E-L35) in 2010. For each of the six GRSPaV-free and six GRSPaV-infected vines selected for the physiological and agronomical parameters evaluation, we collected 6 leaves (3 basal and 3 apical) with the related petioles and 12 berries from 3 different bunches. Samples from each organ were arbitrary pooled in 3 independent biological replicates and total RNA was extracted according to the method described by Gambino et al. (2008).

Dataset Information

Direct translation of incoming retroviral genomes

Publications

Direct translation of incoming retroviral genomes.

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