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Functional atlas of vertebrate viral RNA elements that stabilize RNA and enhance translation

ABSTRACT: Viruses encode diverse regulatory elements, but their breadth and mechanisms remain poorly defined. To address this gap, we performed massively parallel reporter assays spanning ~200,000 genomic segments from 297 vertebrate-infecting viral genera. We identified numerous viral elements that enhance RNA stability and translation through TENT4-mediated mixed tailing, distributed across 18 genera and grouped into six distinct subclasses, indicating extensive convergent evolution. We also found diverse TENT4-independent elements acting through alternative pathways. One of such elements, Pt1 from Potamipivirus, stabilizes linear mRNA to levels comparable to circular RNA, suggesting its potential for RNA therapeutics. Pt1 directly recruits canonical poly(A) polymerases (PAPγ/α)—previously thought to function exclusively in transcription-coupled nuclear pre-mRNA processing—to drive cytoplasmic polyadenylation. Together, these findings chart the rich landscape of viral regulation, extend the scope of poly(A)-tail biology, and establish the virome as a valuable source for uncovering host RNA regulatory mechanisms.

INSTRUMENT(S):

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

SUBMITTER: Chemin Lee

LAB HEAD: V. Narry

PROVIDER: PXD071193 | Pride | 2026-06-21

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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	Q20_scr_TMT6plex_Eclipse_240913.raw	Raw
	checksum.txt	Txt
	mqpar.xml	Xml
	txt_Q20scr.zip	Other

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