Project description:Ancient oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes produced oxygen as a waste product, but existed for a long time under an oxygen-free (anoxic) atmosphere, before an oxic atmosphere emerged. The change in oxygen levels in the atmosphere influenced the chemistry and structure of many enzymes that contained prosthetic groups that were inactivated by oxygen. In the genome of Acaryochloris marina, multiple gene copies exist for proteins that are normally encoded by a single gene copy in other cyanobacteria. Using high throughput RNA sequencing to profile transcriptome responses from cells grown under microoxic and hyperoxic conditions, we detected 8446 transcripts out of the 8462 annotated genes in the Cyanobase database. Two thirds of the 50 most abundant transcripts are key proteins in photosynthesis. Microoxic conditions negatively affected the levels of expression of genes encoding photosynthetic complexes, with the exception of some subunits. In addition to the known regulation of the multiple copies of psbA, we detected a similar transcriptional pattern for psbJ and psbU, which might play a key role in the altered components of photosystem II. Furthermore, regulation of genes encoding proteins important for reactive oxygen species-scavenging is discussed at genome level, including, for the first time, specific small RNAs having possible regulatory roles under varying oxygen levels.
Project description:The aim of this project is to identify, by bottom-up proteomic analysis, one or both representatives of two classes of 8-vinyl reductase in an Acaryochloris marina cell lysate. This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of the C8 vinyl group in the chlorophyll precursor Mg-divinyl-protochlorophyllide to ethyl as part of the chlorphyll biosynthesis pathway. Both putative 8VRs, NmrA and FrhB were detected.
Project description:Investigation of whole genome gene expression level in motile strain of Sphingomonas. sp A1 All flagellar genes in motile strain of Sphingomonas. sp A1 are highly transcribed.
Project description:The Chlorophyll d-producing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina is widely distributed in marine environments enriched in far-red light, but our understanding of its genomic and functional diversity is limited. Here, we take an integrative approach to investigate A. marina diversity for 37 strains, which includes twelve newly isolated strains from previously unsampled locations in Europe and the Pacific Northwest of North America. A genome-wide phylogeny revealed both that closely related A. marina have migrated within geographic regions and that distantly related A. marina lineages can co-occur. The distribution of traits mapped onto the phylogeny provided evidence of a dynamic evolutionary history of gene gain and loss during A. marina diversification. Ancestral genes that were differentially retained or lost by strains include plasmid-encoded sodium-transporting ATPase and bidirectional NiFe-hydrogenase genes that may be involved in salt tolerance and redox balance under fermentative conditions, respectively. The acquisition of genes by horizontal transfer has also played an important role in the evolution of new functions, such as nitrogen fixation. Together, our results resolve examples in which genome content and ecotypic variation for nutrient metabolism and environmental tolerance have diversified during the evolutionary history of this unusual photosynthetic bacterium.