Transcriptome profiling of DA neurons, human midbrain-like organoids and prenatal midbrain
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB14617 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR1474890_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1474890_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1474900_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1474900_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1474891_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Recent advances in three dimensional (3D) culture systems have led to the generation of brain organoids that share resemblance to different parts of the human brains; however, a 3D organoid model of the midbrain that contains functional midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons has not been reported. In this study, we develop a method to differentiate human PSCs into a large multicellular organoid-like structure that contains distinct layers of neuronal cells with a transcriptomic profile that resembles human prenatal midbrain. Importantly, we detected electrically active and functionally mature mDA neurons, and dopamine production in our 3D midbrain-like organoids (MLOs). In contrast to human mDA neurons generated using non-3D methods or in the MLOs generated from mouse embryonic stem cells, our human MLOs uniquely produced neuromelanin-like granules that were structurally similar to those isolated from human substantia nigra tissues. Thus our MLOs bearing features of the human midbrain may provide a novel tractable in vitro system to study the human midbrain and its related diseases.
2016-08-24 | E-MTAB-4868 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The inaccessibility of human tissue and the difficulty to achieve neuronal maturation and function in 2D cultures makes the study of human brain development, function and disease challenging. Here, we differentiated human pluripotent stem cells into three-dimensional (3D) regionalized human brain organoids which, when patterned towards a ventral midbrain (VM) fate, gave rise to mature and functional pigmented dopamine (DA) neurons. Using single cell transcriptomics, we defined the cellular composition and reconstructed the developmental trajectory of the different cell types, including DA neurons, by analyzing 120,000 cells harvested at different time points during differentiation. We also obtained an unbiased and comprehensive characterization of human DA subgroups, which reveals a molecular signature of DA neuron diversity and provides a valuable asset for the design of more targeted and effective stem-cell based therapies in Parkinson´s disease. However, the value of brain organoids in modeling later developmental stages and more mature neurons in a dish is hampered by their poor reproducibility and incomplete maturation. To address this issue, we designed a novel technological approach to generate bioengineered VM organoids supported by recombinant spider silk microfibers functionalized with full-length human laminin. Silk-VM organoids reproduce key molecular aspects of DA neurogenesis and, unlike conventional 3D culture, sustain the generation of functional DA neurons homogeneously throughout the organoid. Silk-VM organoids represent a significant advancement in the field of 3D culture, by better recapitulating physiologically relevant aspects of developing human brain tissue and thus paving the way toward their use in developmental studies as well as in in vitro disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Project description:The generation of human-relevant dopaminergic (DA) neurons in large-animal models holds significant promises for translational neuroscience and regenerative medicine. Here, we establish a robust protocol to induce caudal ventral midbrain (VM) fate and generate functional midbrain DA (mDA) neurons and porcine midbrain-like organoids (pMLOs) from porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs). Optimization of GSK3 inhibition and SHH signaling revealed species-specific requirements for inducing porcine VM progenitors, including a higher sensitivity threshold compared to human cells. Single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses demonstrated progressive lineage specification and functional maturation of mDA neurons, with IVF-derived pESCs showing superior differentiation potential over PA-derived cells. Moreover, 3D differentiation led to the formation of uniform neuroepithelial structures and enhanced electrophysiological activity and dopamine release. Notably, dopaminergic markers emerged across multiple neuronal clusters, reflecting a continuum of identity acquisition captured by high-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing. Compared to in vivo transgenic pig models, this platform enables rapid, scalable, and ethically favorable investigation of midbrain development and DA neuron biology. These findings position pig-derived organoids as a powerful tool for modeling human neurodevelopment and disease in a large-animal context.
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Project description:The generation of human-relevant dopaminergic (DA) neurons in large-animal models holds significant promises for translational neuroscience and regenerative medicine. Here, we establish a robust protocol to induce caudal ventral midbrain (VM) fate and generate functional midbrain DA (mDA) neurons and porcine midbrain-like organoids (pMLOs) from porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs). Optimization of GSK3 inhibition and SHH signaling revealed species-specific requirements for inducing porcine VM progenitors, including a higher sensitivity threshold compared to human cells. Single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses demonstrated progressive lineage specification and functional maturation of mDA neurons, with IVF-derived pESCs showing superior differentiation potential over PA-derived cells. Moreover, 3D differentiation led to the formation of uniform neuroepithelial structures and enhanced electrophysiological activity and dopamine release. Notably, dopaminergic markers emerged across multiple neuronal clusters, reflecting a continuum of identity acquisition captured by high-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing. Compared to in vivo transgenic pig models, this platform enables rapid, scalable, and ethically favorable investigation of midbrain development and DA neuron biology. These findings position pig-derived organoids as a powerful tool for modeling human neurodevelopment and disease in a large-animal context.
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Project description:Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of cells for applications in regenerative medicine. Directed differentiation of hPSCs into specialized cells such as spinal motoneurons or midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons has been achieved. However the effective use of hPSCs for cell therapy has lagged far behind. While mouse PSC-derived DA neurons have shown efficacy in models of Parkinson’s disease, DA neurons derived from human PSCs generally display poor in vivo performance. There are also considerable safety concerns for hPSCs related to their potential for teratoma formation or neural overgrowth. Here we present a novel floor plate-based strategy for the derivation of human DA neurons that efficiently engraft, suggesting that past failures were due to incomplete specification rather than a specific vulnerability of the cells. Midbrain floor plate precursors are derived from hPSCs in days following exposure to small molecule activators of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and canonical WNT signaling. Engraftable midbrain DA neurons are obtained by day 25 and can be maintained in vitro for several months. Extensive in vitro molecular profiling, biochemical and electrophysiological data define developmental progression and confirm identity of hPSC-derived midbrain DA neurons. In vivo survival and function is demonstrated in PD animal models in three host species. Long-term engraftment in 6-OHDA-lesioned mouse and rats demonstrates robust survival of midbrain DA neurons, complete restoration of amphetamine-induced rotation behavior and improvements in tests of forelimb use and akinesia. Finally, scalability is demonstrated by transplantation into Parkinsonian monkeys. Excellent DA neuron survival, function and lack of neural overgrowth in the three animal models tested indicate considerable promise for the development of cell based therapies in PD.
2011-11-07 | GSE32658 | GEO
Project description:Significant efforts are ongoing to develop refined differentiation protocols to generate midbrain DA neurons from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for application in disease modeling, diagnostics, drug screening, and cell-based therapies for Parkinson’s Disease. An increased understanding of the timing and molecular mechanisms promoting the generation of distinct subtypes of midbrain DA during normal development will be essential for guiding future efforts to precisely generate molecularly defined and subtype-specific DA neurons from pluripotent stem cells. In this study, we used droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to transcriptionally profile fetal DA neurons from human embryos at different stages of ventral midbrain (VM) development (6, 8, and 11 weeks post-conception) and primary fetal 3D cultures thereof that allowed differentiation and functional maturation of human DA neurons. This approach allowed us to define the molecular identities of distinct human DA progenitors and neurons at single-cell resolution and construct developmental trajectories of cell types in the developing fetal VM. Overall, these findings provide a unique transcriptional profile of developing human fetal VM and functionally mature human DA neurons, which can be used to guide stem cell-based therapies and disease modeling approaches in PD.
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Project description:Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of cells for applications in regenerative medicine. Directed differentiation of hPSCs into specialized cells such as spinal motoneurons or midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons has been achieved. However the effective use of hPSCs for cell therapy has lagged far behind. While mouse PSC-derived DA neurons have shown efficacy in models of Parkinson’s disease, DA neurons derived from human PSCs generally display poor in vivo performance. There are also considerable safety concerns for hPSCs related to their potential for teratoma formation or neural overgrowth. Here we present a novel floor plate-based strategy for the derivation of human DA neurons that efficiently engraft, suggesting that past failures were due to incomplete specification rather than a specific vulnerability of the cells. Midbrain floor plate precursors are derived from hPSCs in days following exposure to small molecule activators of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and canonical WNT signaling. Engraftable midbrain DA neurons are obtained by day 25 and can be maintained in vitro for several months. Extensive in vitro molecular profiling, biochemical and electrophysiological data define developmental progression and confirm identity of hPSC-derived midbrain DA neurons. In vivo survival and function is demonstrated in PD animal models in three host species. Long-term engraftment in 6-OHDA-lesioned mouse and rats demonstrates robust survival of midbrain DA neurons, complete restoration of amphetamine-induced rotation behavior and improvements in tests of forelimb use and akinesia. Finally, scalability is demonstrated by transplantation into Parkinsonian monkeys. Excellent DA neuron survival, function and lack of neural overgrowth in the three animal models tested indicate considerable promise for the development of cell based therapies in PD. Differentiated hESC with three conditions (LSB, LSB/S/F8, LSB/S/F8/CHIR) were subjected to RNA extraction in specific timepoint (day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 25) and hybridization on Illumina microarrays. Each sample has 3 or 4 biological repeats. Based on previous study* of dual SMAD inhibition neural induction, we developed new midbrain dopamine neuron protocol. It depends on time specific treatment of below factors (LSB/S/F8/CHIR): L (LDN193189 (BMP inhibitor) , day 0-11), SB (SB431542 (TGF-b signal inhibitor), day 0-5), S (SHH + Purmorphamine (Smo agonist), day 1-7), F8 (FGF8, day 1-7) and CHIR (CHIR99021 (GSK3b inhibitor), day 3-13) LSB and LSB/S/F8 are limited control conditions of dual SMAD only (LSB) or traditional patterning with Sonic and FGF (LSB/S/F8) *Chambers,S.M. et al. Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling. Nat. Biotechnol. 27, 275-280 (2009).
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2021-08-13 | E-MTAB-7302 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In this study, midbrain-like organoids were yielded from hPSCs to prepare cells used for PD therapy. Neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) isolated from midbrain organoids (Og-NSCs) expanded stably and differentiated into mDA neurons, and an unprecedentedly high proportion express midbrain-specific factors.
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