Genome editing in human tumors
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB18738 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR1769640_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1769640_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1769641_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1769641_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1769642_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:A genome editing approach to study cancer stem cells in human tumors
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Project description:RNA editing enhances the diversity of gene products at the post-transcriptional level. Approaches for genome-wide identification of RNA editing face two main challenges: separating true editing sites from false discoveries and accurate estimation of editing levels. We developed an approach to analyze transcriptome sequencing data (RNA-Seq) for global identification of RNA editing in cells for which whole-genome sequencing data are available. We applied the method to analyze RNA-Seq data of a human glioblastoma cell line, U87MG. Around 10,000 DNA-RNA differences were identified, the majority being putative A-to-I editing sites. These predicted A-to-I events were associated with a low false discovery rate (~5%). Moreover, the estimated editing levels from RNA-Seq correlated well with those based on traditional clonal sequencing. Our results further facilitated unbiased characterization of the sequence and evolutionary features flanking predicted A-to-I editing sites and discovery of a conserved RNA structural motif that may be functionally relevant to editing. Genes with predicted A-to-I editing were significantly enriched with those known to be involved in cancer, supporting the potential importance of cancer-specific RNA editing. A similar profile of DNA-RNA differences as in U87MG was predicted for another RNA-Seq data set obtained from primary breast cancer samples. Remarkably, significant overlap exists between the putative editing sites of the two transcriptomes despite their difference in cell type, cancer type and genomic backgrounds. Our approach enabled de novo identification of the RNA editome, which sets the stage for further mechanistic studies of this important step of post-transcriptional regulation.
2011-09-21 | GSE28040 | GEO
Project description:RNA editing generates modifications to RNA sequences, thereby increasing protein diversity and shaping various layers of gene regulation. Recent studies have revealed global shifts in editing levels across many cancer types, as well as a few specific mechanisms implicating individual sites in tumorigenesis or metastasis. However, most tumor-associated sites, predominantly in noncoding regions, have unknown functional relevance. Here, we carry out integrative analysis of RNA editing profiles between epithelial (E) and mesenchymal (M) tumors, since epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key paradigm for metastasis. We identify distinct editing patterns between E and M tumors in seven cancer types using TCGA data, an observation further supported by single-cell RNA-seq data and ADAR perturbation experiments in cell culture. Through computational analyses and experimental validations, we show that differential editing sites between E and M phenotypes function by regulating mRNA abundance of their respective genes. Our analysis of >120 RNA-binding proteins revealed ILF3 as a potential regulator of this process, supported by experimental validations. Consistent with the known roles of ILF3 in immune response, E-M differential editing sites are enriched in genes involved in immune and viral processes. The strongest target of editing-dependent ILF3 regulation is the transcript encoding PKR, a crucial player in immune and viral response. Our study reports widespread differences in RNA editing between epithelial and mesenchymal tumors and a novel mechanism of editing-dependent regulation of mRNA abundance. It reveals the broad impact of RNA editing in cancer and its relevance to cancer-related immune pathways.
2020-09-17 | GSE147487 | GEO
Project description:Adenosine to Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a site-specific modification of RNA transcripts, catalyzed by members of the ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA) protein family. RNA editing occurs in human RNA in thousands of different sites. Some of the sites are located in protein-coding regions but the majority is found in non-coding regions, such as 3âUTRs, 5âUTRs and introns - mainly in Alu elements. While editing is found in all tissues, the highest levels of editing are found in the brain. It was shown that editing levels within protein-coding regions are increased during embryogenesis and after birth and that RNA editing is crucial for organism viability as well as for normal development. In this study we characterized the A-to-I RNA editing phenomenon during neuronal and spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We identified high editing levels of Alu repetitive elements in hESCs and demonstrated a global decrease in editing levels of non-coding Alu sites when hESCs are differentiating, particularly into the neural lineage. Using RNA interference, we showed that the elevated editing levels of Alu elements in undifferentiated hESCs are highly dependent on ADAR1. DNA microarray analysis showed that ADAR1 knockdown has a global effect on gene expression in hESCs and leads to a significant increase in RNA expression levels of genes involved in differentiation and development processes, including neurogenesis. Taken together, our data suggest that A-to-I editing of Alu sequences plays a role in the regulation of hESC early differentiation decisions. Two samples, One control and the second treated
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Project description:The CRISPR/Cas genome editing approach in non-model organisms poses challenges that remain to be resolved.Here, we demonstrated a generalized roadmap for a de-novo genome-annotation approach applied to the non-model organism Macrobrachium rosenbergii. We also addressed typical genome editing challenges arising from genetic variations, such as a high frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms, differences in sex chromosomes, and repetitive sequences that can lead to off-target events. For genome editing of M. rosenbergii, our laboratory recently adapted the CRISPR/Cas genome-editing approach to embryos and embryonic primary cell culture. In this continuation study, an annotation pipeline was trained to predict gene models by leveraging available genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, enabling accurate gene prediction and guide design for knock-outs. Next-generation sequencing analysis demonstrated a high frequency of genetic variations in genes on both autosomal and sex chromosomes, which have been shown to affect the accuracy of editing analyses. To enable future applications based on the CRISPR/Cas tool in non-model organisms, we also verified the reliability of editing efficiency and tracked off-target frequencies. Despite the lack of comprehensive information on non-model organisms, this study provides an example of the feasibility of selecting and editing specific genes with a high degree of certainty.
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Project description:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common fatal genetic disease. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-mediated gene editing is a promising strategy for permanently curing DMD. In this study we developed a novel strategy for reframing DMD mutations by CRISPR-mediated large-scale excision of exons 46–54. We compared this approach to other DMD rescue strategies using DMD patient-derived primary muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and found that it showed the highest efficiency in terms of restoring of dystrophin protein expression. We also confirmed that CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella 1(Cpf1)-mediated genome editing could correct DMD mutation with higher specificity than CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Furthermore, A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) DMD mouse model was established by transplanting DMD-MDSCs into immunodeficient mice. CRISPR gene editing components were intramuscularly delivered into the mouse model by adeno-associated virus vectors. Dystrophin expression levels were increased by 10%–30% in human DMD muscle fibers. The restored dystrophin in vivo was functional, as demonstrated by the expression of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex member β-dystroglycan. This study provides a sensitive indicator for in vivo efficacy of gene editing and lays the foundation for a clinical trial of DMD treatment with gene editing technology.
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Project description:Data for the manuscript Casirati et al. "Epitope Editing of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Enables Adoptive Immunotherapies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia"
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Project description:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common fatal genetic disease. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-mediated gene editing is a promising strategy for permanently curing DMD. In this study we developed a novel strategy for reframing DMD mutations by CRISPR-mediated large-scale excision of exons 46–54. We compared this approach to other DMD rescue strategies using DMD patient-derived primary muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and found that it showed the highest efficiency in terms of restoring of dystrophin protein expression. We also confirmed that CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella 1(Cpf1)-mediated genome editing could correct DMD mutation with higher specificity than CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Furthermore, A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) DMD mouse model was established by transplanting DMD-MDSCs into immunodeficient mice. CRISPR gene editing components were intramuscularly delivered into the mouse model by adeno-associated virus vectors. Dystrophin expression levels were increased by 10%–30% in human DMD muscle fibers. The restored dystrophin in vivo was functional, as demonstrated by the expression of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex member β-dystroglycan. This study provides a sensitive indicator for in vivo efficacy of gene editing and lays the foundation for a clinical trial of DMD treatment with gene editing technology.
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Project description:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common fatal genetic disease. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-mediated gene editing is a promising strategy for permanently curing DMD. In this study we developed a novel strategy for reframing DMD mutations by CRISPR-mediated large-scale excision of exons 46–54. We compared this approach to other DMD rescue strategies using DMD patient-derived primary muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and found that it showed the highest efficiency in terms of restoring of dystrophin protein expression. We also confirmed that CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella 1(Cpf1)-mediated genome editing could correct DMD mutation with higher specificity than CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Furthermore, A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) DMD mouse model was established by transplanting DMD-MDSCs into immunodeficient mice. CRISPR gene editing components were intramuscularly delivered into the mouse model by adeno-associated virus vectors. Dystrophin expression levels were increased by 10%–30% in human DMD muscle fibers. The restored dystrophin in vivo was functional, as demonstrated by the expression of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex member β-dystroglycan. This study provides a sensitive indicator for in vivo efficacy of gene editing and lays the foundation for a clinical trial of DMD treatment with gene editing technology.
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