Microbial communities in boreal peatlands
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB25886 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR2497910_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR2497910_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Photoautotrophic microbes from boreal peatlands
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Project description:Tardigrades (Tardigrada) are a phylum of micrometazoans found in all biomes on Earth, but their ecology and habitat preferences remain vastly understudied. Boreal peatlands include a diversity of habitat types and high structural heterogeneity that represents an interesting system to study some of the poorly known habitat preferences of tardigrades. Here, we investigate for the first time tardigrade communities in peatland mosses and the latter's potential associations with key environmental variables. We collected 116 moss samples from 13 sites representing different peatland types and management histories. We found that tardigrades are common and diverse in boreal peatlands, as tardigrades were present in 72% of the collected samples and we identified 14 tardigrade genera. Tardigrade abundance seemed to increase alongside the increasing tree basal area and the density was higher in the microtopographic level further from the water table level, that is, hummocks (mean 117/moss gram) than in lawns/hollows (mean 84/moss gram). Furthermore, the highest tardigrade density was found in the moss taxa that are associated with forested peatland types (i.e., feather mosses) (321 mean/moss gram). Finally, we found interesting patterns regarding tardigrade functional diversity, as carnivorous tardigrades were found only in peatlands with tree basal area > 20 m2 and mostly in hummocks. Our study demonstrates that the habitat heterogeneity of peatlands (e.g., variation in moisture and vegetation cover) represents an interesting system to study tardigrade ecology and habitat preferences. However, since we found variation in tardigrade abundance and communities across peatland types and microhabitats within peatlands, our results highlight that such studies should be conducted with numerous replicate samples and a systematic study design that properly addresses the habitat heterogeneity between and within different peatland types.
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Project description:Overwintering peat fires are re-emerging in snow-covered Arctic-boreal regions, releasing unprecedented levels of carbon into the atmosphere and exacerbating climate change. Despite the critical role of fire-snow interactions in these processes, our understanding of them remains limited. Herein, we conducted small-scale outdoor experiments (20 × 20 × 20 cm3) at subzero temperatures (-5 ± 5 °C) to investigate the impact of natural snowfall and accumulated snow layers (up to 20 cm thick) on shallow smoldering peat fires. We found that even heavy natural snowfalls (a maximum water equivalent snowfall intensity of 1.1 mm/h or a 24 h accumulated snowfall water equivalent precipitation of 7.9 mm) cannot suppress a shallow smoldering peat fire. A thick snow cover on the peat surface can extract heat from the burning front underneath, and the minimum thickness of the snow layer to extinguish the peat fire was found to be 9 ± 1 cm at subzero temperatures, agreeing well with the theoretical analysis. Furthermore, larger-scale field demonstrations (1.5 × 1.5 m2) were conducted to validate the small-scale experimental phenomena. This work helps us to understand the interactions between fire and snow and reveals the persistence of smoldering wildfires under cold environments.
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Project description:Follows soon
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Project description:Permafrost vulnerability to climate change may be underestimated unless effects of wildfire are considered. Here we assess impacts of wildfire on soil thermal regime and rate of thermokarst bog expansion resulting from complete permafrost thaw in western Canadian permafrost peatlands. Effects of wildfire on permafrost peatlands last for 30 years and include a warmer and deeper active layer, and spatial expansion of continuously thawed soil layers (taliks). These impacts on the soil thermal regime are associated with a tripled rate of thermokarst bog expansion along permafrost edges. Our results suggest that wildfire is directly responsible for 2200 ± 1500 km2 (95% CI) of thermokarst bog development in the study region over the last 30 years, representing ~25% of all thermokarst bog expansion during this period. With increasing fire frequency under a warming climate, this study emphasizes the need to consider wildfires when projecting future circumpolar permafrost thaw.
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Project description:Peatlands are significant carbon (C) stores, playing a key role in nature-based climate change mitigation. While the effectiveness of non-forested peatlands as C reservoirs is increasingly recognized, the C sequestration function of forested peatlands remains poorly documented, despite their widespread distribution. Here, we evaluate the C sequestration potential of pristine boreal forested peatlands over both recent and millennial timescales. C stock estimates reveal that most of the carbon stored in these ecosystems is found in organic horizons (22.6-66.0 kg m-2), whereas tree C mass (2.8-5.7 kg m-2) decreases with thickening peat. For the first time, we compare the boreal C storage capacities of peat layers and tree biomass on the same timescale, showing that organic horizons (11.0-12.6 kg m-2) can store more carbon than tree aboveground and belowground biomass (2.8-5.7 kg m-2) even over a short time period (last 200 years). We also show that forested peatlands have similar recent rates of C accumulation to boreal non-forested peatlands but lower long-term rates, suggesting higher decay and more important peat layer combustion during fire events. Our findings highlight the significance of forested peatlands for C sequestration and suggest that greater consideration should be given to peat C stores in national greenhouse gas inventories and conservation policies.
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Project description:Boreal peatlands store ~25 % of global soil organic carbon and host many endangered species; however, they face degradation due to climate change and anthropogenic drainage. In boreal peatlands, vegetation indicates ecohydrological conditions of the ecosystem. Applying remote sensing would enable spatially and temporally continuous monitoring of peatland vegetation. New multi- and hyperspectral satellite data offer promising approaches for understanding the spectral properties of peatland vegetation at high temporal and spectral resolutions. However, using spectral satellite data to their fullest potential requires detailed spectral analyses of dominant species in peatlands. A dominant feature of peatland vegetation is the genus Sphagnum mosses. We investigated how the reflectance spectra of common boreal Sphagnum mosses, collected from waterlogged natural conditions after snowmelt, change when the mosses are desiccated. We conducted a laboratory experiment where the reflectance spectra (350-2500 nm) and the mass of 90 moss samples (representing nine species) were measured repetitively. Furthermore, we examined (i) their inter- and intraspecific spectral differences and (ii) whether the species or their respective habitats could be identified based on their spectral signatures in varying states of drying. Our findings show that the most informative spectral regions to retrieve information about the Sphagnum species and their state of desiccation are in the shortwave infrared region. Furthermore, the visible and near-infrared spectral regions contain less information on species and moisture content. Our results also indicate that hyperspectral data can, to a limited extent, be used to separate mosses belonging to meso- and ombrotrophic habitats. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of including data especially from the shortwave infrared region (1100-2500 nm) in remote sensing applications of boreal peatlands. The spectral library of Sphagnum mosses collected in this study is available as open data and can be used to develop new methods for remote monitoring of boreal peatlands.
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Project description:Functional stratification and enzymatic arrangement in microbial communities across a hypersaline depth gradient
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