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Project description:The consumption of fermented food has been linked to positive health outcomes due to a variety of functional properties. Fermented dairy constitutes a major dietary source and contains lactoseas main carbohydrate and living starter cultures. To investigate whether nutritional and microbial modulation impacted intestinal microbiota composition and activity, we employed fecal microbiota fermentations and a dairy model system consisting of lactose and β-galactosidase positive and negative Streptococcus thermophilus. Based on 16S rRNA gene based microbial community analysis, we observed that lactose addition increased the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, and of Veillonellaceae and Enterobacteraceae in selected samples. The supplied lactose was hydrolysed within 24 h of fermentation and led to higher expression of community indigenous β-galactosidases. Targeted protein analysis confirmed that bifidobacteria contributed most β-galactosidases together with other taxa including Escherichia coli and Anaerobutyricum hallii. Lactose addition led to 1.1-1.8 fold higher levels of butyrate compared to controls likely due to (i) lactate-crossfeeding and (ii) direct lactose metabolism by butyrate producing Anaerobutyricum and Faecalibacterium spp. Representatives of both genera used lactose to produce butyrate in single cultures. When supplemented at around 5.5 log cells mL-1, S. thermophilus or its beta-galactosidase negative mutant outnumbered the indigenous Streptococcaceae population at the beginning of fermentation but had no impact on lactose utilisation and final SCFA profiles. This study brings forward new fundamental insight into interactions of major constituents of fermented dairy with the intestinal microbiota. We provide evidence that lactose addition increases fecal microbiota production of butyrate through cross-feeding and direct metabolism without contribution of starter cultures.
2025-01-30 | PXD054534 | Pride
Project description:Gut microbiome research is rapidly moving towards the functional characterization of the microbiota by means of shotgun meta-omics. Here, we selected a cohort of healthy subjects from an indigenous and monitored Sardinian population to analyze their gut microbiota using both shotgun metagenomics and shotgun metaproteomics. We found a considerable divergence between genetic potential and functional activity of the human healthy gut microbiota, in spite of a quite comparable taxonomic structure revealed by the two approaches. Investigation of inter-individual variability of taxonomic features revealed Bacteroides and Akkermansia as remarkably conserved and variable in abundance within the population, respectively. Firmicutes-driven butyrogenesis (mainly due to Faecalibacterium spp.) was shown to be the functional activity with the higher expression rate and the lower inter-individual variability in the study cohort, highlighting the key importance of the biosynthesis of this microbial by-product for the gut homeostasis. The taxon-specific contribution to functional activities and metabolic tasks was also examined, giving insights into the peculiar role of several gut microbiota members in carbohydrate metabolism (including polysaccharide degradation, glycan transport, glycolysis and short-chain fatty acid production). In conclusion, our results provide useful indications regarding the main functions actively exerted by the gut microbiota members of a healthy human cohort, and support metaproteomics as a valuable approach to investigate the functional role of the gut microbiota in health and disease.
2017-07-19 | PXD005780 | Pride
Project description:Numerous studies signify that diets rich in phytochemicals reduce the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, their effects are often not uniform among individuals, possibly due to inter-individual variation in gut microbiota. The host indigenous gut microbiota and their metabolites have emerged as factors that greatly influence the efficacy of dietary interventions. The biological activities, mechanisms of actions and the specific targets of several microbial metabolites are unknown. Urolithin A (UroA) is one such natural microbial metabolite, which showed (including our recent study) anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. The goal of the experiment to determine if Urolithin A blocks the genes induced by lipopolysaccharide (mimicking bacterial effects on colon) as well as determine effects of Urolithin A alone.
2019-10-07 | GSE113581 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Helminth infection and dietary intake can affect the intestinal microbiota, as well as the immune system. Methods: Here we analyzed the relationship between fecal microbiota and blood profiles of indigenous Malaysians, referred to locally as Orang Asli, in comparison to urban participants from the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Results: We found that helminth infections had a larger effect on gut microbial composition than did dietary intake or blood profiles. Trichuris trichiura infection intensity also had the strongest association with blood transcriptional profiles. By characterizing paired longitudinal samples collected before and after deworming treatment, we determined that changes in serum zinc and iron levels among the Orang Asli were driven by changes in helminth infection status, independent of dietary metal intake. Serum zinc and iron levels were associated with changes in the abundance of several microbial taxa. Conclusions: There is considerable interplay between helminths, micronutrients and the microbiota on the regulation of immune responses in humans.
2019-10-01 | GSE137338 | GEO
Project description:Nasal microbial diversity in Australian Indigenous children in relation to Otitis Media
| PRJNA684919 | ENA
Project description:The indigenous human gut microbiota is a major contributor to the human superorganism with established roles in modulating nutritional status, immunity, and systemic health including diabetes and obesity. The complexity of the gut microbiota consisting of over 1012 residents and approximately 1000 species has thus far eluded systematic analyses of the precise effects of individual microbial residents on human health. In contrast, health benefits have been shown upon ingestion of certain so-called probiotic Lactobacillus strains in food products and nutritional supplements, thereby providing a unique opportunity to study the global responses of a gut-adapted microorganism in the human gut and to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying microbial modulation of intestinal physiology, which might involve alterations in the intestinal physico-chemical environment, modifications in the gut microbiota, and/or direct interaction with mucosal epithelia and immune cells. Here we show by transcriptome analysis using DNA microarrays that the established probiotic bacterium, L. plantarum 299v, adapts its metabolic capacity in the human digestive tract for carbohydrate acquisition and expression of exo-polysaccharide and proteinaceous cell surface compounds. This report constitutes the first application of global gene expression profiling of a gut-adapted commensal microorganism in the human gut. Comparisons of the transcript profiles to those obtained for L. plantarum WCFS1 in germ-free mice revealed conserved L. plantarum responses indicative of a core transcriptome expressed in the mammalian gut and provide new molecular targets for determining microbial-host interactions affecting human health. Hybridization of the samples against a common reference of gDNA isolated from L. plantarum 299v
2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-17634 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The Origin of a Coastal Indigenous Horse Breed in China Revealed by Genome-Wide SNP Data
2019-03-16 | GSE128374 | GEO
Project description:The Origin of a Coastal Indigenous Horse Breed in China Revealed by Genome-Wide SNP Data
2019-03-16 | GSE128373 | GEO