Fungal and Bacterial communities of raw brewers' spent grains during 90-days spontaneous and guided solid state fermentations
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB59405 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR12034700_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12034700_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12034701_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12034701_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12034702_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the main solid waste generated in beer production and primarily consists of barley malt husks. Based on the active promotion of circular economy practices aimed at recycling food industry by-products, this study assessed for the first time the production of particleboards based on BSG as the sole source of lignocellulosic material and natural adhesive without the use of additives or other substrates. In order to achieve particleboards from entirely sustainable sources, BSG particles have to self-bind by thermo-compression with water. In this context, the aim of this study is to assess the effects of pressing temperatures and particle size on properties such as modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, thickness swelling, and water absorption. The performance of binderless boards was compared with that of a control panel (control) using BSG combined with phenolic resin. Processing conditions were selected to produce boards with a target density of 1000 kg/m³ and a thickness of 5 mm. To confirm the efficiency of the self-adhesion process, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the boards. The processes of self-adhesion and particle-to-particle contact were facilitated at a pressing temperature of 170 °C and a particle size range of 200-2380 µm (ground BSG), resulting in improved flexural properties and enhanced water resistance. The properties of BSG-based binderless boards were comparable to those reported for other biomass residues, suggesting that they might be used in non-structural applications, such as interior decoration.
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Project description:The recovery of antioxidant polyphenols from light, dark and mix brewer's spent grain (BSG) using conventional maceration, microwave and ultrasound assisted extraction was investigated. Total polyphenols were measured in the crude (60% acetone), liquor extracts (saponified with 0.75% NaOH) and in their acidified ethyl acetate (EtOAc) partitioned fractions both by spectrophotometry involving Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Irrespective of the extraction methods used, saponification of BSG yielded higher polyphenols than in the crude extracts. The EtOAc fractionations yielded the highest total phenolic content (TPC) ranging from 3.01 ± 0.19 to 4.71 ± 0.28 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of BSG dry weight. The corresponding total polyphenols quantified by LC-MS/MS ranged from 549.9 ± 41.5 to 2741.1 ± 5.2 µg/g of BSG dry weight. Microwave and ultrasound with the parameters and equipment used did not improve the total polyphenol yield when compared to the conventional maceration method. Furthermore, the spectrophotometric quantification of the liquors overestimated the TPC, while the LC-MS/MS quantification gave a closer representation of the total polyphenols in all the extracts. The total polyphenols were in the following order in the EtOAc fractions: BSG light > BSG Mix > BSG dark, and thus suggested BSG light as a sustainable, low cost source of natural antioxidants that may be tapped for applications in food and phytopharmaceutical industries.
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Project description:Microbiota dynamics between spontaneous and inoculated fermentations of Nanfeng tangerine wine
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Project description:Brewers' spent grains (BSG) were fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus and up to 15% of original protein was hydrolysed. Fermented BSG was then subjected to an ethanolic-alkali extraction and isolated fractions contained 61-66% protein. An evaluation of functional properties suggested that fermented extracts presented superior emulsifying abilities (15-34 m2/g of activity and 16-42 min of stability), foaming properties (16-30% capacity and 7-14% stability), and water/oil binding capacities (0.41 g/g and 0.24 g/g, respectively). They also showed significantly higher ABTS inhibition and stronger reducing power than unfermented ones, indicating that fermented BSG protein extract had greater antioxidant activities. No cytotoxic effect was detected in the range of 2-10 mg/mL. When applied in a mayonnaise formulation, fermented hydrolysates demonstrated better emulsion stability in terms of creaming, microstructure and viscosity. Thus, fermented BSG protein is a potential plant-based emulsifier for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
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Project description:Brewing spent grains (BSGs) are the main by-product from breweries and they are rich of proanthocyanidins, among other phenolic compounds. However, literature on these compounds in BSGs is scarce. Thus, this research focuses on the establishment of ultrasound-assisted extraction of proanthocyanidin compounds in brewing spent grains using a sonotrode. To set the sonotrode extraction up, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of three factors, namely, solvent composition, time of extraction, and ultrasound power. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of proanthocyanidin compounds were performed using HPLC coupled to fluorometric and mass spectrometer detectors. The highest content of proanthocyanidins was obtained using 80/20 acetone/water (v/v), 55 min, and 400 W. The established method allows the extraction of 1.01 mg/g dry weight (d.w.) of pronthocyanidins from BSGs; this value is more than two times higher than conventional extraction.
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Project description:The epigenome, including DNA methylation, is stably propagated during mitotic division. However, single-cell clonal expansion produces heterogeneous methylomes, raising the question of how the DNA methylome remains stable despite constant epigenetic drift. Here, we report that a clonal population of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-only cells produces a heterogeneous methylome, which is robustly propagated on cell expansion and differentiation. Our data show that DNMT1 has imprecise maintenance activity and likely possesses weak de novo activity, leading to spontaneous ‘epimutations’. However, these epimutations tend to be corrected through a neighbor-guided mechanism, ikely enabled by environment-sensitive de novo activity (‘tuner’) and maintenance activity (‘stabilizer’) of DNMT1. By generating base-resolution maps of de novo and maintenance activities, we find that H3K9me2/3-marked regions show enhanced de novo activity, and CpG islands have both poor maintenance and de novo activities. The imprecise epigenetic machinery coupled with neighbor-guided correction may be a fundamental mechanism underlying robust yet flexible epigenetic inheritance.
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