Project description:Low-carbohydrate diets enhance lipid metabolism and decrease reliance on glucose oxidation in athletes, but the associated gene expression patterns remain unclear. To provide mechanistic insight, we investigated the skeletal muscle transcriptome in elite ultra-endurance athletes habitually consuming a high-carbohydrate (HC, n=10, 33±6y, VO2max=63.4±6.2 mL O2•kg-1•min-1) or low-carbohydrate (LC, n=10, 34±7y, VO2max=64.7±3.7 mL O2•kg-1•min-1) diet. Skeletal muscle gene expression was measured at baseline (BL), immediately-post (H0), and 2h (H2) after 3h submaximal treadmill running. Exercise induced a coordinated but divergent expression pattern. LC had higher expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, particularly at BL. At H2, gene expression patterns were associated with differential pathway activity, including inflammation/immunity, suggesting a diet-specific influence on early muscle recovery. These results indicate that a habitual ketogenic diet leads to differences in resting and exercise-induced skeletal muscle gene expression patterns, underlying our previous findings of differential fuel utilization during exercise in elite male ultra-endurance athletes.
Project description:Thirteen elite handball athletes and 13 sedentary controls. Three timepoints were established: T0 (baseline conditions); T8 (after 8 weeks of supplementation); and T16 (after 8 weeks in the absence of supplementation). The dietary intervention consisted of the oral administration of one daily multivitamin/mineral complex capsule (Multicentrum® Pfizer, Barcelona, Spain) before exercise during the controlled dietary intervention period. Multivitamin/mineral complex intervention adherence/compliance was defined as the percentage of all of the supplement capsules ingested throughout the study period. The expressions of a total 112 of genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR analysis with the QuantStudioTM 12K Flex Real-Time PCR System. 78 genes were finally analized.
Project description:Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) are the most marketed stem cell therapies to treat a variety of conditions in the general population and elite athletes. Both tissues have been used interchangeably clinically even though their detailed composition, heterogeneity, and mechanisms of action have neither been rigorously inventoried nor compared. This lack of information has prevented investigations into ideal dosages and has facilitated anecdata and misinformation. Here, we analyzed single-cell transcriptomes, proteomes, and flow cytometry profiles from paired clinical-grade BMAC and ADSVF. This comparative transcriptional atlas challenges the prevalent notion that there is one therapeutic cell type present in both tissues. We also provide data of surface markers that may enable isolation and investigation of cell (sub)populations. Furthermore, the proteome atlas highlights intertissue and interpatient heterogeneity of injected proteins with potentially regenerative or immunomodulatory capacities.
Project description:This paper presents a teleoperation system of robot grasping for undefined objects based on a real-time EEG (Electroencephalography) measurement and shared autonomy. When grasping an undefined object in an unstructured environment, real-time human decision is necessary since fully autonomous grasping may not handle uncertain situations. The proposed system allows involvement of a wide range of human decisions throughout the entire grasping procedure, including 3D movement of the gripper, selecting proper grasping posture, and adjusting the amount of grip force. These multiple decision-making procedures of the human operator have been implemented with six flickering blocks for steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) by dividing the grasping task into predefined substeps. Each substep consists of approaching the object, selecting posture and grip force, grasping, transporting to the desired position, and releasing. The graphical user interface (GUI) displays the current substep and simple symbols beside each flickering block for quick understanding. The tele-grasping of various objects by using real-time human decisions of selecting among four possible postures and three levels of grip force has been demonstrated. This system can be adapted to other sequential EEG-controlled teleoperation tasks that require complex human decisions.