Project description:Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most valuable cereal crops for the human consumption. Its grain storage proteins greatly impact bread quality, though may cause food intolerances or allergies in susceptible individuals. Consequently, the investigation of a proteome polymorphism among wheat varieties is important to spot the genotypes, which would be promising donors for the breeding of hypoallergenic cereals. Herein, we discovered diversity of grain proteins in three Ukrainian wheat cultivars: ‘Sotnytsia’, ‘Panna’ (both modern selection) and ‘Ukrainka’ (old landrace). Firstly, proteins were isolated with a SDS-containing buffer that allowed extraction of various groups of storage proteins (glutenins, gliadins, globulins and albumins). Secondly, the proteome was profiled by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, revealing 810 clearly-separated gel spots. Software-assisted analysis of gel images, showed 66 differentially abundant proteins. Using multi-enzymatic digestion, followed by the tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 49 differentially accumulated proteins. Parallel ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography profiling and direct mass spectrometry quantification complemented the results. With this approach we quantified 127 proteins, 12 being differentially abundant. Principal component analysis confirmed genotype as a major source of variation in both cases. Non-gluten fraction was the most diverse among investigated bread wheat cultivars. Information from public databases of clinically relevant plant proteins highlighted variable groups of wheat allergens/toxins. Data suggested that one of the modern cultivars contained less health affecting proteins in grain. Finally, we proposed set of genetic landmarks for the development of DNA marker system, which will enable fast and efficient assessment of medical safety of multiple wheat genotypes to facilitate breeding programs.
Project description:Chevallier is a heritage english landrace of barley first planted in 1820 while Tipple is modern cultivar of barley released in 2004. Pseudomonas strains were isolated from the rhizospheres of the two varieties and 22 and 20 of the most phylogenetically distinct ones were sequenced to find out the difference in genotypes preferentially selected in the rhizospheres of the two cultivars.
Project description:Bread aroma is the principal characteristic perceived by the consumer yet it is mostlydisregarded in the product chain. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toinclude bread aroma as a new target criterion into the wheat product chain. The objectivesof our study were to (i) quantify the influence of genetic versus environmental factors onthe bread aroma and quality characteristics, (ii) evaluate whether bread baked from modernwheat varieties differ in terms of aroma from those baked from old varieties and (iii) comparegenomic and metabolomic approaches for their efficiency to predict bread aroma and qualitycharacteristics in a wheat breeding program. Agronomic characters as well as bread aroma andquality traits were assessed for 18 old and 22 modern winter wheat varieties evaluated at up tothree locations in Germany. Metabolite profiles of all 120 flour samples were collected using a7200 GC-QTOF. Considerable differences in the adjusted entry means for all examined breadaroma and quality characters were observed. For aroma, which was rated on a scale from 1 to9, the adjusted entry means varied for the 40 wheat varieties between 3 and 8. In contrast,the aroma of bread prepared from old and modern wheat varieties did not differ significantly(P<0.05). Bread aroma was not significantly (P<0.05) correlated with grain yield, whichsuggested that it is possible to select for the former character in wheat breeding programswithout reducing the gain of selection for the latter. Finally, we have shown that bread aromacan be better predicted using a combination of metabolite and SNP genotyping profiles insteadof the SNP genotyping profile only. In conclusion, we have illustrated possibilities to increasethe quality of wheat for consumers in the product chain.
Project description:More than four billion people rely on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a major constituent of their diet. However, the changing climate threatens wheat production, with periods of intense drought stress already causing widespread wheat yield losses. Much of the research into the wheat drought response has centred on the response to drought events later in development, during anthesis or grain filling. But as the timing of periods of drought stress become increasingly unpredictable, a more complete understanding of the response to drought during early development is also needed. Here, we utilized the YoGI landrace panel to identify the key genes regulating processes such as, stomatal opening, stomatal closing, stomatal morphogenesis and stress hormone signalling related to drought stress.
Project description:Root traits are significant targets for breeding stress-resilient and high-yielding wheat genotypes under climatic fluctuations. However, root transcriptome analysis is usually obscured due to challenges in root research. We performed transcriptome analysis of thirty bread wheat cultivars using RNA-seq to investigate the diversity and expression of root system architecture (RSA) related transcripts. We examined the expression patterns of these transcripts in both root and leaf tissues and found that various transcripts are root-specific which could be manipulated for desirable root traits.The presented RNA-seq datasets provide valueable source for identification of genes involved in various biological processes under varying climatic conditions.
Project description:The close relationship between diet and health is generally recognized and the growing wellness and consciousness, especially in developed countries, have led to increasing interest for old wheat genotypes, based on perceived health benefits. Although nutritional comparison between old and modern wheat varieties is still controversial, it is generally accepted that old wheat genotypes remained unchanged over the last hundred years. By contrast, modern wheat genotypes are derived by modification of old wheats during the so-called “Green-Revolution” in the second half of the 20th century focusing on obtaining properties in terms of higher grain yield. The present work reports the first comprehensive proteomic profiling and qualitative comparison at the molecular level of metabolic and Chloroform-Methanol (CM)-like protein fractions extracted from mature kernels of two old Sicilian durum wheat landraces, Russello and Timilia Reste Bianche, and Simeto, an improved durum wheat variety widespread in Italy and other Mediterranean countries and chosen as representative of the most widely commercial cultivars. The results obtained reveal that metabolic and CM-like protein fractions of old and modern genotypes present remarkably high similarity with only minor differences. This leads to the conclusion that from a food and nutritional perspective there is a substantial equivalence of the protein composition of the old and modern cultivars.
Project description:Bread wheat is the major staple food of the world with a complex hexaploidy genome. The precise spatiotemporal gene expression is orchestrated by enhancers, which lack general sequence features and thus are difficult to be located, especially in large genomes. Epigenomic architecture, including chromatin openness and active chromatin marks, has been widely used to characterize enhancers. However, an active chromatin environment does not necessarily mean an active enhancer. Recently, enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), the hallmark for active enhancers, have been detected by nascent RNA sequencing in both Drosophila and mammalian. In order to answer whether plant enhancers could be transcribed, we investigated the transcriptome of bread wheat via two nascent RNA sequencing methods, GRO-seq and pNET-seq combining with epigenome profiling. Our study demonstrates the presence and wide distribution of transcription at intergenic enhancers, which accurately reflects high enhancer activity, shedding light on the complex gene expression regulation across subgenomes in bread wheat.
2022-04-06 | GSE178276 | GEO
Project description:Resistance genes in Watkins wheat landrace collection
