The exonuclease TREX1 constitutes an innate immune checkpoint limiting cGAS/STING-mediated anti- tumor immunity
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB72747 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR12664800_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12664800_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12664801_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12664801_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12664802_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Mounting evidence demonstrates that cGAS-STING signaling is the major pathway in sensing cytosolic DNAs. However, aberrant accumulation of self DNA molecules in Trex1 (a 3'-to-5' DNA exonuclease) deficient cells usually causes over-activation of cGAS-STING signaling, which is associated with the pathology of several autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigated gene expression changes in BMDM cells of Trex1 knockout mice after manipulating cGAS-STING signaling activity via treatment of two STING antagonists (SN-011 and H151) .
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Project description:Biallelic defects of the gene encoding for the intracellular enzyme 3â repair exonuclease (Trex)1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), a rare monogenic, lupus-like autoimmune disease, while heterozygous Trex1 loss of function alleles are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Trex1-/- mice develop lethal autoimmune multi-organ inflammation, which results from a chronic type I IFN response triggered by intracellular accumulation of a putative nucleic acid substrate of Trex1. This pathogenic nucleic acid is detected by the broadly, but not ubiquitously, expressed cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS, raising the question whether there are specific cell types that respond to Trex1 deficiency by production of IFN and induce autoimmunity. We generated mice with conditional knock out of the Trex1 gene and demonstrated that loss of Trex1 throughout the hematopoietic system and even selective loss in dendritic cells is sufficient to cause IFN release and autoimmunity. B cells showed no transcriptional response to Trex1 deficiency. Trex1-/- keratinocytes produced IFN but did not induce skin inflammation, whereas loss of Trex1 in cardiomyocytes triggered neither IFN response nor pathology. Trex1-deficient neurons and astrocytes did not release IFN in the CNS. In contrast, mice with selective inactivation of Trex1 in long-living CNS macrophages such as microglia locally produced IFN but did not reproduce the mild encephalitis seen in Trex1-/- mice. Collectively, individual cell types differentially respond to the loss of Trex1 and dendritic cells seem promising candidates for experiments addressing the molecular pathomechanism in Trex1 deficiency. We sorted CD19-positive B cells from spleens of Trex1fl/fl CD19-Cre+ and Trex1fl/fl CD19-Cre- mice and isolated total RNA for library construction to perform mRNA deep sequencing.
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Project description:Biallelic defects of the gene encoding for the intracellular enzyme 3’ repair exonuclease (Trex)1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), a rare monogenic, lupus-like autoimmune disease, while heterozygous Trex1 loss of function alleles are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Trex1-/- mice develop lethal autoimmune multi-organ inflammation, which results from a chronic type I IFN response triggered by intracellular accumulation of a putative nucleic acid substrate of Trex1. This pathogenic nucleic acid is detected by the broadly, but not ubiquitously, expressed cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS, raising the question whether there are specific cell types that respond to Trex1 deficiency by production of IFN and induce autoimmunity. We generated mice with conditional knock out of the Trex1 gene and demonstrated that loss of Trex1 throughout the hematopoietic system and even selective loss in dendritic cells is sufficient to cause IFN release and autoimmunity. B cells showed no transcriptional response to Trex1 deficiency. Trex1-/- keratinocytes produced IFN but did not induce skin inflammation, whereas loss of Trex1 in cardiomyocytes triggered neither IFN response nor pathology. Trex1-deficient neurons and astrocytes did not release IFN in the CNS. In contrast, mice with selective inactivation of Trex1 in long-living CNS macrophages such as microglia locally produced IFN but did not reproduce the mild encephalitis seen in Trex1-/- mice. Collectively, individual cell types differentially respond to the loss of Trex1 and dendritic cells seem promising candidates for experiments addressing the molecular pathomechanism in Trex1 deficiency.
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Project description:Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most lethal type of lung cancer. Paradoxically, this tumor displays an initial exquisite response to chemotherapy; however, at relapse, the tumor is highly resistant to subsequent available therapies. Here, we report that the expression of three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) is strongly induced in chemoresistant SCLCs. ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq revealed a significant increase in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activity of TREX1 gene locus in chemoresistant SCLC. Analyses of human SCLC tumors and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) also showed increase in TREX1 expression in post-chemotherapy samples. TREX1 depletion caused the activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway due to cytoplasmic accumulation of damage-associated double-stranded DNA, inducing immunogenicity and enhancing the sensitivity of drug resistant cells to chemotherapy. These findings suggest TREX1 upregulation may partially contribute to the survival of resistant cells, and its inhibition may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance antitumor immunity and potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy in chemoresistant SCLCs.
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Project description:Activation of local innate immunity in tumor tissue, aiming at induction of adaptive responses, is a major concept in cancer immunotherapy. The cGAS/STING pathway triggers type I IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses upon detection of cytosolic DNA and can robustly enhance anti-tumor immunity. The DNase 3’ repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) is a central component of cellular DNA disposal preventing accumulation of endogenous DNA in the cytosol, activation of cGAS and cell-intrinsic innate immune responses. While constitutive TREX1-deficiency causes severe mendelian autoimmunity, temporary pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme may represent an efficient means to activate anti-tumor immunity. Induced inactivation of the Trex1 gene in mice (TREX1 iKO) resulted in improved immune control of established syngeneic tumors that was type I IFN- and CD8+ T cell-dependent. This was associated with a dramatic increase of immune cell infiltration of tumor tissue while other (non-tumor) tissues were not or marginally affected. TREX1 iKO triggered an inflammatory switch of intra-tumoral monocyte, macrophage and dendritic cell populations, associated with enhanced antigen presentation capacity. Invigoration of CD8 T cell responses was reflected in robust increase in cells differentiating along the exhaustion trajectory but expressing significant signatures of effector function. Combination of TREX1 iKO with immune checkpoint inhibition synergistically promoted tumor control. In addition to improved anti-tumor immunity upon loss of TREX1 in host cells, we also show that cancer cell-specific TREX1 deficiency synergizes with irradiation and checkpoint inhibition to enable tumor rejection and formation of long-term memory. We conclude that pharmacological TREX1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach to boost anti-tumor immunity.
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Project description:Activation of local innate immunity in tumor tissue, aiming at induction of adaptive responses, is a major concept in cancer immunotherapy. The cGAS/STING pathway triggers type I IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses upon detection of cytosolic DNA and can robustly enhance anti-tumor immunity. The DNase 3’ repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) is a central component of cellular DNA disposal preventing accumulation of endogenous DNA in the cytosol, activation of cGAS and cell-intrinsic innate immune responses. While constitutive TREX1-deficiency causes severe mendelian autoimmunity, temporary pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme may represent an efficient means to activate anti-tumor immunity. Induced inactivation of the Trex1 gene in mice (TREX1 iKO) resulted in improved immune control of established syngeneic tumors that was type I IFN- and CD8+ T cell-dependent. This was associated with a dramatic increase of immune cell infiltration of tumor tissue while other (non-tumor) tissues were not or marginally affected. TREX1 iKO triggered an inflammatory switch of intra-tumoral monocyte, macrophage and dendritic cell populations, associated with enhanced antigen presentation capacity. Invigoration of CD8 T cell responses was reflected in robust increase in cells differentiating along the exhaustion trajectory but expressing significant signatures of effector function. Combination of TREX1 iKO with immune checkpoint inhibition synergistically promoted tumor control. In addition to improved anti-tumor immunity upon loss of TREX1 in host cells, we also show that cancer cell-specific TREX1 deficiency synergizes with irradiation and checkpoint inhibition to enable tumor rejection and formation of long-term memory. We conclude that pharmacological TREX1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach to boost anti-tumor immunity.
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