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Late Neolithic collective burial in Northern France and the arrival of steppe ancestry

ABSTRACT: Late Neolithic collective burial reveals admixture dynamics during the third millennium BCE and the shaping of the European genome

PROVIDER: PRJEB73626 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR12729718.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR12729719.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR12729720.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR12729721.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR12729722.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Late Neolithic collective burial in Northern France and the arrival of steppe ancestry

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Late Neolithic collective burial reveals admixture dynamics during the third millennium BCE and the shaping of the European genome.

Project description:The third millennium BCE was a pivotal period of profound cultural and genomic transformations in Europe associated with migrations from the Pontic-Caspian steppe, which shaped the ancestry patterns in the present-day European genome. We performed a high-resolution whole-genome analysis including haplotype phasing of seven individuals of a collective burial from ~2500 cal BCE and of a Bell Beaker individual from ~2300 cal BCE in the Paris Basin in France. The collective burial revealed the arrival in real time of steppe ancestry in France. We reconstructed the genome of an unsampled individual through its relatives' genomes, enabling us to shed light on the early-stage admixture patterns, dynamics, and propagation of steppe ancestry in Late Neolithic Europe. We identified two major Neolithic/steppe-related ancestry admixture pulses around 3000/2900 BCE and 2600 BCE. These pulses suggest different population expansion dynamics with striking links to the Corded Ware and Bell Beaker cultural complexes.

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Project description:Gendered burial practices that differentiate between men and women by the way the body was placed were used over large parts of Central Europe in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age (c. 2900−1600 BC). The differentiation of bodies placed on the left/right side in opposite orientation was extended to children, but until recently, it was difficult to confirm if the biological sex of the children matched the classification as men and women. We applied nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) to identify sex-specific peptides in human tooth enamel in 75 children buried at one of the largest Early Bronze Age cemeteries in Europe, Franzhausen I, Austria, 70 of which produced reliable results. The study confirmed that the sex of the children corresponds to the gendered body position in 98.4 % of cases. For burials in which the gendered sidedness and orientation are not internally consistent with the male or female pattern, we found that the sidedness of the body corresponds to the sex of the children rather than the orientation.

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