Project description:The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a central regulatory hub that translates environmental and nutritional information into permissive or restrictive growth decisions. Although the TOR pathway is conserved among eukaryotes, plants developed unique adaptations to this pathway to cope with their autotrophic and sessile nature. Here, we captured for the first time a proteome-wide view of the plant TOR phosphorylation and interaction landscape. After sampling four biological repeats, proteins were extracted, digested and phosphopeptides were enriched. In total, 8302 phosphopeptides on 2558 proteins were identified from all samples. After label free quantitative analysis, a filtered dataset of 5500 phosphopeptides on 2056 proteins was retained. To identify TOR-dependent sites, the control-, AZD8055- and rapamycin-treated samples were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed model to evaluate the effect of the treatment, time and the interaction between both. For T10, T20 and T40, the sucrose control samples were compared to the AZD8055 or rapamycin samples. In addition, the AZD8055 samples were compared to the rapamycin samples, and the sucrose control samples (T10, T20, T40) were compared to T0. Overall, the strongest effect occurred with AZD8055. Therefore, an additional filter was applied retrieving only phosphopeptides that changed at least two-fold upon AZD8055 treatment. In total, 96 unambiguous TOR-dependent phosphosites were detected on 66 proteins, linking TOR to a plethora of biological processes.
Project description:Water use efficiency has long been considered as an important target for the breeding of improved plant performance under drought. Minimizing leaf transpirational water loss via reduction of stomatal water conductance plays a key contributory role in drought resistance. In this study, we employed both guard cell (GC) targeted and constitutive ectopic overexpression of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a master regulator of multiple signaling networks in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, to investigate the impact of these expressed AtTOR transgenes in response to drought and water use efficiency. We performed genome-wide transcriptome analysis employing RNA-seq on the three Arabidopsis genotypes grown on the three water treatments, and further analysis will be used to elucidate the potential mechanism(s) contributing to differences in leaf stomatal physiology between WT and transgenic lines.
Project description:Colletotrichum orbiculare Whi2, yeast stress response Whi2 homolog, is involved in switch from biotrophic to necrotrophic stage. To elucidate downstream genes regulated by Co Whi2, we have conducted DNA microarray. About 3100 genes were up or down regulated in the Co whi2Δ mutant compared with the wild-type. In particularly, 44 genes among up-regulated 58 genes in the Co whi2Δ mutant are ribosomal protein related gene. Eukaryote is widely conserved TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) which is known to regulator of ribosomal gene expression. To elucidate whether up-regulated ribosomal genes in the Co whi2Δ mutant are regulated by TOR activity, we have conducted DNA microarray in the Co whi2Δ mutant treated with rapamycin inhibiting TOR activity. The enormous ribosomal gene expression in the Co whi2Δ mutant treated with the rapamycin is lower than that without rapamycin treatment.
Project description:Rapamycin-sensitive transgenic Arabidopsis lines (BP12) expressing yeast FK506 Binding Protein12 (FKBP12) were developed. Inhibition of TOR in BP12 plants by rapamycin resulted in slower overall root, leaf and shoot growth and development leading to poor nutrient uptake and light energy utilization. Genetic and physiological studies together with RNA-Seq and metabolite analysis of TOR-suppressed lines revealed that TOR regulates development and lifespan in Arabidopsis by restructuring cell growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, gene expression, ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis.
Project description:Colletotrichum orbiculare Whi2, yeast stress response Whi2 homolog, is involved in switch from biotrophic to necrotrophic stage. To elucidate downstream genes regulated by Co Whi2, we have conducted DNA microarray. About 3100 genes were up or down regulated in the Co whi2Î mutant compared with the wild-type. In particularly, 44 genes among up-regulated 58 genes in the Co whi2Î mutant are ribosomal protein related gene. Eukaryote is widely conserved TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) which is known to regulator of ribosomal gene expression. To elucidate whether up-regulated ribosomal genes in the Co whi2Î mutant are regulated by TOR activity, we have conducted DNA microarray in the Co whi2Î mutant treated with rapamycin inhibiting TOR activity. The enormous ribosomal gene expression in the Co whi2Î mutant treated with the rapamycin is lower than that without rapamycin treatment. In gene expression of the Co whi2Î mutant, the wild-type and the Co whi2Î mutant infecting on cucumber cotyledons were assessed at 4 hours post-inoculation. In gene expression of the Co whi2Î mutant with rapamycin treatment, Co whi2Î mutant treated with 100nM rapamycin and Co whi2Î mutant without rapamycin treatment infecting on cucumber cotyledons were assesed at 4 hours post-inoculation. Four replication were performed for each experiments.
Project description:Rapamycin-sensitive transgenic Arabidopsis lines (BP12) expressing yeast FK506 Binding Protein12 (FKBP12) were developed. Inhibition of TOR in BP12 plants by rapamycin resulted in slower overall root, leaf and shoot growth and development leading to poor nutrient uptake and light energy utilization. Genetic and physiological studies together with RNA-Seq and metabolite analysis of TOR-suppressed lines revealed that TOR regulates development and lifespan in Arabidopsis by restructuring cell growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, gene expression, ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis. Arabidopsis WT (Col)and BP12-2 (TOR knockdown line) seedlings at 15 DAG were treated with rapamycin for 3 days by transferring from 0.5 MS medium to 0.5 MS+10 ug/ml rapamycin. Triplicate samples of rapamycin treated WT and BP12-2 seedlings were used for RNA-Seq analysis (Illumina Hiseq 2000). Paired-end alignments were obtained through aligning short reads onto the reference Arabidopsis Genome (TAIR9) using Bowtie. More than 80% of the reads mapped onto the genome. Htseq-count was used to count the reads from the Bowtie derived output files. Differential expressed genes were identified using edgeR. The FDR-corrected P value for differential expression was set to be <=0.05.