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Phylotranscriptomics reveals the convergent evolution of aggression is associated with both shared and unique patterns of gene expression evolution in cavity nesting songbirds

ABSTRACT: Phylotranscriptomics reveals the convergent evolution of aggression is associated with both shared and unique patterns of gene expression evolution in cavity nesting songbirds

PROVIDER: PRJNA1023253 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
		Other
	SRR26260100_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR26260100_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR26260200_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR26260200_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Phylotranscriptomics reveals the convergent evolution of aggression is associated with both shared and unique patterns of gene expression evolution in cavity nesting songbirds

Project description:Uncovering the genomic regulation of phenotypic adaptation is a major goal in biology, but this has been hard to achieve for complex behavioral traits. Here, we leverage the repeated evolution of obligate cavity-nesting in birds to test the hypothesis that the shared pressure to compete for a limited breeding resource drives convergent behavioral evolution via convergent gene regulatory changes in the brain. Using behavioral assays in the field, hormonal measures, and transcriptome-wide analyses in 10 focal species, we examined females and males in five avian families, each including one obligate cavity-nesting species and a related species with a more flexible nesting strategy. Results support the hypothesis of behavioral convergence, with high levels of territorial aggression in obligate cavity-nesters, particularly among females. Levels of testosterone were not associated with nesting strategy for either sex, but phylogenetic analyses of individual genes and co-regulated gene networks revealed some shared patterns of gene expression, with functional enrichment related to metabolic and mitochondrial processes. Though this gene regulatory convergence may contribute to behavioral convergence, concordance in gene expression did not scale across multiple families. These observations indicate that replicated evolutionary increases in aggression arise via largely lineage-specific changes in brain gene expression.

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Project description:High frequency of physical aggression is the central feature of severe conduct disorder and is associated with a wide range of social, mental and physical health problems. We have previously tested the hypothesis that differential DNA methylation signatures in peripheral T cells are associated with a chronic aggression trajectory in males. Despite the fact that sex differences appear to play a pivotal role in determining the development, magnitude and frequency of aggression, most of previous studies focused on males, so little is known about female chronic physical aggression. We therefore tested here whether or not there is a signature of physical aggression in female DNA methylation and, if there is, how it relates to the signature observed in males. Genome-wide promoter methylation profiles of T cell DNA from adult females on a Chronic Physical Aggression (CPA, n=5) trajectory during childhood and adolescence were compared to those on normative physical aggression trajectories (NPA, n=14). Two technical replicates were generated for each individual.

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Project description:High frequency of physical aggression is the central feature of severe conduct disorder and is associated with a wide range of social, mental and physical health problems. We have previously tested the hypothesis that differential DNA methylation signatures in peripheral T cells are associated with a chronic aggression trajectory in males. Despite the fact that sex differences appear to play a pivotal role in determining the development, magnitude and frequency of aggression, most of previous studies focused on males, so little is known about female chronic physical aggression. We therefore tested here whether or not there is a signature of physical aggression in female DNA methylation and, if there is, how it relates to the signature observed in males. Genome-wide promoter methylation profiles of T cell DNA from adult males and females on a Chronic Physical Aggression (CPA) trajectory during childhood and adolescence were compared to adults on a normative physical aggression trajectories (NPA). Each sample was bisulphite converted gDNA pooled in equimolar amounts. Three different pools of genomic DNA were made per group: male CPA (2 or 3 different subjects per pool), male NPA (4 different subjects per pool), female CPA (2 different subjects per pool) and female NPA (4 or 5 different subjects per pool) . The Illumina Infinium 450k Human DNA methylation Beadchip was used to obtain DNA methylation profiles of the 2 groups in both sex.

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