Cyclic di-AMP drives secondary differentiation in Chlamydia trachomatis
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1062348 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia alternates between two functional forms during its developmental cycle: elementary body (EB) and reticulate body (RB). However, the molecular mechanisms governing the transitions between these forms are unknown. Here, we present evidence cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a key factor in triggering the transition from RB to EB (i.e., secondary differentiation) in the chlamydial developmental cycle. We made strains producing different levels of c-di-AMP, which we linked to changes in secondary differentiation status. Increases in c-di-AMP resulted in an earlier increase in transcription of EB-associated genes, and this was further manifested in earlier production of EBs. In contrast, when c-di-AMP levels were decreased, secondary differentiation was delayed. Based on these data, we conclude there is a threshold level of c-di-AMP needed to trigger secondary differentiation in Chlamydia. This is the first study to define a mechanism of secondary differentiation in Chlamydia.
2025-08-21 | GSE252732 | GEO
Project description:Cyclic di-AMP is an essential second messenger in many Gram-positive bacteria, including the model organism Bacillus subtilis. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome of a strain accumulating c-di-AMP in vivo. Our results demonstrate that accumulation of c-di-AMP affects the expression of several hundred genes, among them many mother-cell specific sporulation genes. Additionally, the two major biofilm operons, epsA-O and tapA-sipW-tasA, are affected. High levels of c-di-AMP abolish transcription of genes responsible for biofilm formation which in turn leads to a defect in complex colony formation in B. subtilis.
2016-05-25 | GSE79716 | GEO
Project description:Streptococcus pneumoniae harbors two cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) phosphodiesterases Pde1 and Pde2. Previously, we demonstrated that deletion of one or both of these proteins leads to growth retardation in culture media, defects in the bacterial stress response, and attenuation in mouse models of disease. All of these phenotypes are due to increased levels of c-di-AMP, since the nature and break down products of each protein are different, and mutations that lower c-di-AMP levels partially restore growth and stress tolerance in these mutants. However, how c-di-AMP mediates pneumococcal stress resistance and virulence is unknown. To establish how c-di-AMP affects the transcriptome, RNA-Seq analysis was employed to compare gene expression between wild-type and Δpde1Δpde2 (ST2734) pneumococci. Overall, the competence regulon was upregulated in the Δpde1Δpde2 mutant.
2018-04-18 | GSE113231 | GEO
Project description:C-di-AMP is primarily associated with the regulation of carbon utilization as well as other central traits, central metabolism, and bacterial stringent response to environmental changes. Elevated c-di-AMP levels result in aberrant physiology for most c-di-AMP synthesizing organisms, drawing particular attention to the importance of the c-di-AMP homeostasis and the molecular mechanisms pertaining to nucleotide metabolism and signal transduction. Here we show that c-di-AMP binds the GntR-family regulator DasR, uncovering a direct link between c-di-AMP and GlcNAc signaling. Further, we show c-di-AMP functions as an allosteric activator of DasR activity. GlcNAc is necessary for cell-surface structure from bacteria to humans, as well as a signal for bacterial development and antibiotic production. DasR is a global repressor that oversees GlcNAc metabolism and antibiotic production, which enables Actinobacteria to cope with stress and starvation. Our in vivo studies reveal the important biological role of allosteric regulation by c-di-AMP in metabolic imbalance and the transduction of a series of signals. Notably, DasR also controls intracellular c-di-AMP level through direct repression on disA. Overall, we identify a function of allosteric regulation between c-di-AMP and DasR in global signal integration and c-di-AMP homeostasis in bacteria, which is likely widespread in Actinobacteria.
2024-03-31 | GSE229938 | GEO
Project description:The bacterial second messenger c-di-AMP controls various cellular processes including potassium and osmolyte homeostasis. The c-di-AMP receptor protein DarB of Bacillus subtilis binds to the Rel protein and triggers the Rel-dependent stringent response. Here we report crystal structures of DarB in the ligand-free state and of DarB complexes with c-di-AMP, 3´3´-cGAMP and AMP. DarB consists of two CBS domains and forms a homo-dimer with a parallel, head-to-head assembly of the monomers. The DarB dimer binds two cyclic di-nucleotide molecules or two AMP molecules. Only one adenine of bound c-di-AMP is specifically recognized by DarB, while the second one protrudes out of the donut-shaped protein. This enables DarB to bind also 3´3´-cGAMP, as only the adenine fits to the active site, but not the guanine. In absence of c-di-AMP DarB binds to Rel and stimulates (p)ppGpp synthesis, whereas the presence of c-di-AMP abolishes the interaction. The DarB crystal structures reveal no conformational changes upon c-di-AMP binding, hence, the regulatory function of DarB on Rel must be controlled directly by the bound c-di-AMP. A structural model of the DarB-Rel complex was erived from in silico docking, validated with a mass spectrometric analysis of the chemically cross-linked DarB-Rel complex and mutagenesis studies. Based on the predicted complex structure a mechanism of stringent response regulation by c-di-AMP is suggested.
2022-08-12 | PXD033346 | Pride
Project description:Streptococcus agalactiae is among the few pathogens that have not developed resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics despite decades of clinical use. The molecular basis of this long-lasting susceptibility has not been investigated, and it is uncertain whether specific mechanisms constraint the emergence of resistance. In this study, we first report a conserved role of the signaling nucleotide cyclic-di-AMP in the sensitivity of S. agalactiae to ß-lactam. Specifically, we demonstrate that inactivation of the phosphodiesterase GdpP confers ß-lactam tolerance. Characterizing the signaling pathway revealed an antagonistic regulation by the transcriptional factor BusR, which is activated by c-di-AMP and negatively regulates ß-lactam susceptibility. Furthermore, we show that simultaneous inhibition of osmolyte transporters activity and transcription by c-di-AMP has an additive effect, sustaining ß-lactam tolerance. Finally, transposon mutagenesis for ß-lactam reduced susceptibility reveals a convergent pattern of mutations, including in the KhpAB small RNA chaperone and the protein S immunomodulator. Overall, our findings suggest mechanisms that may foster antibiotic resistance in S. agalactiae and demonstrate that c-di-AMP acts as a turgor pressure rheostat, coordinating an integrated response to cell wall weakening due to ß-lactam activity.
2024-04-25 | GSE262190 | GEO
Project description:New Insights into the Cyclic Di-adenosine Monophosphate (c-di-AMP) Degradation Pathway and the Requirement of the Cyclic Dinucleotide for Acid Stress Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
| PRJEB14723 | ENA
Project description:Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in the oral cavity are constantly exposed to bacteria and may or may not trigger immune responses. Lately, critical bacterial signaling molecules, cyclic-di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) and cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) which play important roles in immune response to pathogens were discovered. However, response of HGFs to these essential bacterial second messengers has not been fully characterized. As a step towards understanding the response of HGFs to these molecules, we carried out a global proteomics analysis of HGFs treated with either c-di-AMP or c-di-GMP. We found differential expression of several proteins in cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) treated HGFs. Analysis of the differentially expressed proteins showed that interferon signaling proteins such as Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 (MX-1), Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT-1) and Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT-3) were the most significantly upregulated proteins. Functional network analysis showed that 21 biological pathways were significantly regulated by both CDNs while others were differentially regulated. Additionally, the functional analysis also predicted increased proliferation of fibroblast cell lines by c-di-GMP. These findings highlight the critical role played by HGFs in the presence of invading pathogens in the oral mucosa by their activation or inhibition of various molecular pathways.
2021-03-24 | MSV000087090 | MassIVE
Project description:Second messenger nucleotides such as c-di-AMP are produced by bacteria in response to environmental stimuli and can contribute to the regulation of a number of cellular processes including osmoregulation, envelope homeostasis, central metabolism, and biofilm formation. Here, as part of an effort to uncover the biological significance of c-di-AMP in the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis, we utilized high-throughout RNA Sequencing analysis to explore the impact of deletion of genes responsible for c-di-AMP synthesis (cdaA) and degradation (dhhP and gdpP).
2021-05-14 | GSE174381 | GEO
Project description:In this study, we showed for the first time that c-di-AMP is produced by C. difficile and controls the uptake of potassium, making it essential for growth. We found that c-di-AMP is involved in biofilm formation, cell wall homeostasis, osmotolerance as well as detergent and bile salt resistance in C. difficile. We identified BusR as a new regulator that binds c-di-AMP and represses the expression of the compatible solute transporter BusAA-AB. Interestingly, a busR mutant is highly resistant to a hyperosmotic or bile salt stress compared to the parental strain while a busAA mutant is more susceptible. A short exposure of C. difficile cells to bile salts resulted in a decrease of the c-di-AMP concentrations reinforcing the hypothesis that changes in membrane characteristics due to variations of the cellular turgor or membrane damages constitute a signal for the adjustment of the intracellular c-di-AMP concentration. In a colonization mouse model, a strain producing elevated c-di-AMP concentrations failed to persist in the gut in contrast to the parental strain. Thus, c-di-AMP is a signaling molecule with pleiotropic effects that controls osmolyte uptake to confer osmotolerance and bile salt resistance in C. difficile and that is important for colonization of the host.
2021-12-27 | GSE192529 | GEO