Project description:we generated new reference genome assemblies for two species belonging to two different echinoderm classes: the bat sea star Patiria miniata and the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Project description:The affinity of the echinoderm pentaradial body plan with that of the ancestral bilateral symmetry remains one of the biggest zoological puzzle. Here, we revisited this classical zoological problem using RNA tomography and HCR in situ hybridization in the sea star Patiria miniata.
Project description:Whether regeneration depends on the reactivation of developmental programs, regeneration-specific regulatory mechanisms, or both remains a central question in regeneration biology. Here, we investigate these processes in regenerating larvae of the sea star Patiria miniata, a deuterostome with robust regenerative capacity. By integrating single-nucleus transcriptomics with chromatin accessibility profiling across development and regeneration, we identify a regeneration-induced blastema cell state that is molecularly distinct from pre-existing larval populations and serves as the source of regenerated tissues. We show that regeneration is associated with distinct classes of regeneration-responsive enhancers, including those reused from development as well as those predicted to be active during regeneration but not embryogenesis, which link wounding signals to gene regulatory network (GRN) activation. These enhancer classes converge on regulatory programs associated with the transcription factor Runx, positioning Runx as a central node within the inferred regeneration GRN. Notably, we identify a Runx-associated regulatory framework that provides a mechanistic explanation for the de novo emergence of sox4⁺ cells during regeneration through novel deployment of developmentally shared enhancers. Together, our results provide a framework for how wound-induced signals specify regenerative cell states and how regeneration and developmental GRNs may be coordinated to rebuild lost tissues.
Project description:Echinoderms are invertebrate deuterostomes closely related to chordates and have become a tractable model for study of the evolution of mechanisms involved in development, primordial germ cell specification, and regeneration. Sea urchins rely on inherited mechanisms for germline formation while sea stars rely instead on cell-cell inductive signaling mechanisms. Here, we present a single cell RNA sequencing of the sea star Patiria miniata day3 larva, and its integration into the datasets of the first four days of development. We identified each cell cluster of the larva using marker genes for in situ RNA hybridization and found that, surprisingly, the primordial germ cells share many gene expression profiles with cells in the coelomic pouches, and that the ectodermal epithelium is quite heterogenous. This dataset from the sea star provides a developmental trajectory of gene expression leading to each major cell type in the larva, providing a foundation for comparative analysis with other echinoderm species in parsing out mechanisms of developmental specification, regeneration, and germ line formation.
Project description:Whether regeneration depends on the reactivation of developmental programs, regeneration-specific regulatory mechanisms, or both remains a central question in regeneration biology. Here, we investigate these processes in regenerating larvae of the sea star Patiria miniata, a deuterostome with robust regenerative capacity. By integrating single-nucleus transcriptomics with chromatin accessibility profiling across development and regeneration, we identify a regeneration-induced blastema cell state that is molecularly distinct from pre-existing larval populations and serves as the source of regenerated tissues. We show that regeneration is associated with distinct classes of regeneration-responsive enhancers, including those reused from development as well as those predicted to be active during regeneration but not embryogenesis, which link wounding signals to gene regulatory network (GRN) activation. These enhancer classes converge on regulatory programs associated with the transcription factor Runx, positioning Runx as a central node within the inferred regeneration GRN. Notably, we identify a Runx-associated regulatory framework that provides a mechanistic explanation for the de novo emergence of sox4⁺ cells during regeneration through novel deployment of developmentally shared enhancers. Together, our results provide a framework for how wound-induced signals specify regenerative cell states and how regeneration and developmental GRNs may be coordinated to rebuild lost tissues.
Project description:Regeneration is pervasive among the metazoa, but to vastly varying degrees. Platyhelminthes, Cnidaria, and Echinodermata are examples of phyla whose members are capable of whole-body regeneration (WBR). While planaria and hydra have been exemplary models of this phenomenon, the molecular details of echinoderm WBR are less established. It remains unclear to what degree such a dramatic regenerative capacity is due to the operation of conserved mechanisms and, in particular, whether any of these are involved in a regenerating Deuterostome. We characterize regeneration in the larval sea star (Patiria miniata) via transcriptome assessment. Transcriptome profiling highlight functions common to regeneration, such as wound healing, axis patterning and proliferation. This dataset was used as a basis for comparison to published Platyhelminth and Cnidarian regeneration datasets. These analyses show that sea star larvae undergo regeneration through a trajectory including wound response, axis respecification, and blastemal proliferation. Commonalities between this Deuterostome model and other WBR models suggest a deep conservation of whole-body regeneration among the metazoa.