Project description:Chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) have an epigenetic signature which differs from the one that mammalian PGCs acquire with their epigenome reprogramming during early embryonic development. In particular, chicken PGCs display a high global amount of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) compared to somatic cell types. We performed the genome-wide profiling of H3K9me3 and the transcriptome analysis on chicken PGCs compared to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as a closely related, non germinal cell type.
Project description:Chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) have an epigenetic signature which differs from the one that mammalian PGCs acquire with their epigenome reprogramming during early embryonic development. In particular, chicken PGCs display a high global amount of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) compared to somatic cell types. We performed the genome-wide profiling of H3K9me3 and the transcriptome analysis on chicken PGCs compared to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as a closely related, non germinal cell type.
Project description:The present investigation was to identify the signaling and metabolic pathways of expressed genes by microarray comparison between Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) and their somatic counterpart, chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs). We identified a total of 2,605 expressed transcripts. Among these, 1,197 were predominantly expressed in PGCs, and 1,408 were predominantly expressed in CEFs.
Project description:Generation of genetically uniformed individuals from somatic cells is an effective approach for large-scale reproduction of elite varieties and a powerful tool for restoration of endangered species. However, this technique has never been realized in avian due to their oviparous reproduction pattern. In this study, we produced cloned-like chicken by allogeneic transplantation of somatic cells induced primordial germ cells (PGCs). Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28A (OSNL) factors were employed to reprogram primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) to pluripotent stem cells (iPS), in which DNA demethylation and histone acetylation were found to increase the efficiency to 13.00%. The obtained iPS presented embryonic stem cell like characters and were further induced to PGCs by BMP4/BMP8b/EGF, in which histone acetylation and glycolysis inhibition elevated the induction rate to 17.30% and 16.41%, respectively. With the optimized system, we induced Black Langshan Chicken (Gallus domestiaus, black feather) donated CEF to PGCs and transplanted them into the Recessive White Chicken (white feather) embryos. The transplanted cells migrated into the genital ridges and produced functional sperm or oocytes. The sexual matured recipients were self-crossed, with 189/509 (37.13%) cloned-like chicken produced. Microsatellite analysis confirmed their DNA inheritance from the black donor chicken. Thus, we demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of avian cloning from somatic cells.
Project description:Purpose: the goal of this study is to analyse various chicken stem cell lines and to compare them with both primary somatic fibroblasts and blastodermal cells derived from pre-gastrulating embryos Methods: NGS RNA-sequencing was performed on chicken primary embryonic fibroblasts (CEF), embryonic stem cells (cESC), on blastodermal cells of EGK-X EGK-XII stages embryos (BCs), long term in vitro cultured primordial germ cells (PGCs) as specific chicken stem cells and reprogrammed cells (1A, 1D, 3E, 3F) derived from CEF by somatic reprogramming process. The librairies were prepared using the TruSeq R Stranded mRNA sample preparation kit (Illumina). The paired-end sequencing was performed on the NextSeq 500 sequencer (Illumina) and controlled by the Seqencing Analysis viewer software (Illumina). The quality control of the Sample-ID.fastq files was performed with the FasQC software (Babraham Institute). Results: the total number of reads ranges from was of 80 millions to 145 millions.
Project description:The comparative transcriptomic analysis of chicken stem cells defines a chicken set of pluripotency associated genes that is almost coincident with mammalian pluripotency-assocaited genes. A total of 5944 differentially expressed unique identifiers (target IDs) were defined for CEF, 5942 for BM2 cells, 4550 for cES, 5465 for PGC and 5522 for cBC. Chicken Blastodermal cells (cBC) were taken from stage IX-XII (Eyal-Giladi & Kochav, 1976) embryos,chicken embryonic stem (cES) cells were established, amplified on inactivated STO feeder cells in proliferative medium containing cytokines and growth factors as described (Pain et al., 1996, Lavial et al., 2007). Long term cultured primordial germ cells (PGCs) were derived from 48h embryonic blood and maintained as described (McDonald et al., 2010). The non-tumorigenic BM2 monocytic cell line was grown as described (Solari et al., 1996). Primary chicken Embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) were prepared from 11-12 day old embryos according to standard protocols (Gandrillon et al., 1987), maintained and homogenised for 3-4 passages before being used as a somatic cell control. RNAs were extracted using Trizol (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer and microarray analysis performed in biological triplicate.
Project description:As germ cell precursor, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are widely used in transgenic animal production, regenerative medicine and other fields. However, the regulation mechanism of chicken PGCs is not incomplete, which leads to the insufficient amount of chicken PGCs obtained in vitro, which seriously affects the specific application of PGCs. During PGC formation (differentiation from ESCs to PGCs), some proteins have inconsistent changes in transcription level and protein abundance. Mediating proteasome degradation is one of the most important roles of protein ubiquitination, and enrichment analysis of transcriptome and proteome also suggests an important role of ubiquitination in the process of PGCs. In order to explore the important functions and potential targets of ubiquitination, we collected chicken ESCs and PGCs cells for label free ubiquitomics analysis. This study preliminarily analyzed how ubiquitination regulates the formation of chicken PGCs, providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent research and specific application of PGCs.