A ketogenic diet mitigates the hippocampal astrogliosis in the Epileptic Brain
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1103108 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR28764700_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28764700_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28764701_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28764701_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28764702_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The ketogenic diet (KD) is an established treatment for patients with medically intractable epilepsy and is chiefly characterized by the production of ketone bodies (KB) such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). However, after more than a century of clinical use, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. While prior investigations have examined the effects of the KD and its metabolic substrates on synaptic transmission, few studies have explored a potential connection between astrocytic ion channels and seizure genesis. One essential function of astrocytes is spatial potassium buffering which influences passive potassium conductance (PPC), and when impaired, can result in neuronal hyperexcitability. In the present study, we demonstrate that the KD can mitigate hippocampal astrogliosis in the Kcna1-null (KO) mouse model of developmental epilepsy. Specifically, we observed a significant increase in GFAP expression in KO mice fed a control diet compared to wild-type (WT) animals, and that the KD prevented this change. Furthermore, we noted a reduction in hippocampal astrocytic PPC in epileptic mice, whereas KD-treated KO animals exhibited nearly normal passive conductance levels. In this regard, we also provide evidence for the role of Kir4.1 channels in mediating astrocytic PPC, and the activation of these inwardly rectifying potassium channels by BHB. To further explore these findings at a molecular level, we conducted bulk RNA-seq analysis which revealed down-regulation of factors linked to hippocampal astrogliosis, notably those involved with neuroinflammation, consistent with earlier reports highlighting the anti-inflammatory effects of the KD and its metabolic substrates such as BHB. Our findings indicate that the KD protects against epilepsy-associated astrogliosis and astrocytic PPC changes, underscoring a novel mechanism of KD action, and the potential functional role of extracellular potassium in neuronal-glial interactions in the epileptic brain.
2025-04-16 | GSE264537 | GEO
Project description:We used a systemic inflammatory challenge in animals with chronic mesial temporal lobe epilepsy to identify novel molecular pathways involved in seizure regulation. Mice were first rendered epileptic by a single intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA). After a period of two-three weeks, mice developed spontaneous seizures and then received a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic systemic inflammation, or saline as a control. Gene expression analysis by microarrays was then performed on hippocampal RNA samples extracted 4 and 24 hours after LPS or saline treatment (n=3 samples per treatment group).
2016-05-03 | GSE81024 | GEO
Project description:<h4><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>Approximately 1% of the world's population is impacted by epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures. One-third of epileptic patients are resistant to AEDs, or have medically refractory epilepsy (MRE). One non-invasive treatment that exists for MRE includes the ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet. Despite the KD's success in seizure attenuation, it has a few risks and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. The KD has been shown to improve metabolism and mitochondrial function in epileptic phenotypes. Potassium channels have implications in epileptic conditions as they have dual roles as metabolic sensors and control neuronal excitation.</h4><h4><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>The goal of this study was to explore changes in the lipidome in hippocampal and cortical tissue from Kv1.1-KO model of epilepsy.</h4><h4><strong>METHODS: </strong>FT-ICR/MS analysis was utilized to examine nonpolar metabolome of cortical and hippocampal tissue isolated from a Kv1.1 channel knockout mouse model of epilepsy (n = 5) and wild-type mice (n = 5).</h4><h4><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Distinct metabolic profiles were observed, significant (p < 0.05) features in hippocampus often being upregulated (FC ≥ 2) and the cortex being downregulated (FC ≤ 0.5). Pathway enrichment analysis shows lipid biosynthesis was affected. Partition ratio analysis revealed that the ratio of most metabolites tended to be increased in Kv1.1-/-. Metabolites in hippocampal tissue were commonly upregulated, suggesting seizure initiation in the hippocampus. Aberrant mitochondrial function is implicated by the upregulation of cardiolipin, a common component in the mitochondrial membrane.</h4><h4><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Generally, our study finds that the lipidome is changed in the hippocampus and cortex in response to Kv1.1-KO indicating changes in membrane structural integrity and synaptic transmission.</h4>
2022-01-06 | MTBLS1432 | MetaboLights
Project description:Kabuki syndrome is a Mendelian intellectual disability syndrome caused by mutations in either of two genes (KMT2D and KDM6A) involved in chromatin accessibility. We previously showed that an agent that promotes chromatin opening, the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) AR-42, ameliorates the deficiency of adult neurogenesis in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, and rescues hippocampal memory defects in a mouse model of Kabuki syndrome (Kmt2d+/βGeo). Unlike a drug, a dietary intervention could be quickly transitioned to the clinic. Therefore, we have explored whether treatment with a ketogenic diet could lead to a similar rescue through increased amounts of beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous HDACi. Here, we report that a ketogenic diet in Kmt2d+/βGeo mice modulates H3ac and H3K4me3 in the granular cell layer, with concomitant rescue of both the neurogenesis defect and hippocampal memory abnormalities seen in Kmt2d+/βGeo mice; similar effects on neurogenesis were observed upon exogenous administration of beta-hydroxybutyrate. These data suggests that dietary modulation of epigenetic modifications through elevation of beta-hydroxybutyrate may provide a feasible strategy to treat the intellectual disability seen in Kabuki syndrome and related disorders. We used microarrays to query global gene expression changes in the hippocampus of wild type and Kmt2d+/βGeo (Kabuki syndrome model) mice on a regular diet to identify specific gene expression abnormalities in the hippocampus of the Kabuki syndrome mouse model.
2016-12-03 | GSE90836 | GEO
Project description:In this study, we utilized snRNA-seq to explore the transcriptional changes in hippocampal neurons of drug-resistant mice with memory disorder in epilepsy, and analyzed the inter-group heterogeneity of 20 subclasses of neurons, focusing on aspects such as cell communication, gene expressions, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, and module gene set analysis. Our data provides a comprehensive transcriptomic description of the neuronal population affected by drug-resistant epileptic memory disorders. Further studies have shown that specific neuronal subpopulations impact synaptic plasticity through the regulation of relevant target genes by specific transcription factors.
2024-12-18 | GSE241349 | GEO
Project description:Effect of fasting and ketogenic diet on hippocampal astrocytes in vivo
| PRJNA717239 | ENA
Project description:Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis accounts for the majority of refractory epilepsies in adults. Recently, astrocytes have attracted attention as a novel target for anti-seizure medications. We purified hippocampal astrocyte RNA from intrahippocampal kainic acid-injected MTLE model mice using RiboTag AAV and investigated the gene expression profiles of astrocytes in the epileptic hippocampus. By comparing the astrocytic RNA sequence data with whole hippocampal RNA, we identified gene expression profiles that are specific to epileptic hippocampal astrocytes.
2025-12-04 | GSE237321 | GEO
Project description:The ketogenic diet (KD) is a common dietary intervention for treating seizures in intractable childhood epilepsies and has been proposed to improve disease outcome in neurodegenerative disorders. Despite its clinical applications, we know little about how this diet impacts brain circuitry and neuronal function to elicit its protective effects. Here, we examined the impact of the KD on hippocampal function through integrative analysis of gene expression, epigenetics and neurotransmission. We found that KD induces profound transcriptional reprogramming of the hippocampus, including altered expression of numerous synaptic genes. Proteomic analysis of histone variants and post-translational modifications also revealed significant changes in activating and repressive epigenetic marks in the hippocampus of KD mice. To determine how transcriptional and epigenetic rewiring of the hippocampus under KD impacts neurotransmission, we performed electrophysiological recordings to examine synaptic dynamics and synaptic summation at CA3-CA1 synapses. We found that KD diminishes synaptic gain and dampens short-term plasticity at excitatory synapses, resulting in reduced summation of synaptic inputs at the circuit level. We determined that the dampening of synaptic gain was due to a reduction in size of the readily releasable as well as the total of synaptic vesicles in excitatory but not inhibitory synapses. Our findings show that the ketogenic diet triggers synaptic remodeling in the hippocampus, driven by broad transcriptional and epigenetic changes that reduce synaptic vesicle pools and short-term plasticity at excitatory synapses ultimately dampening excitatory synaptic gain and integration at the circuit level. These synaptic adaptations may represent a major mechanism underlying the anti-epileptic effects of this diet.
2025-12-27 | GSE314901 | GEO
Project description:The ketogenic diet has long been used to treat epilepsy, but its mechanism is not yet clearly understood. To explore the potential mechanism, the changes in gene expression induced by the ketogenic diet in the rat kainic acid (KA) epilepsy model were analyzed. Two-condition experiment, Normal diet-fed rat brain vs. Ketogenic diet-fed rat brain. Duplicate per array
2010-05-19 | E-GEOD-19277 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To understand the transcriptional effect of fasting and feeding a ketogenic diet on mouse CNS astrocytes, we performed translating ribosomal affinity purification (TRAP) of mRNAs immunoprecipitated from hippocampus. TRAP mice express a ribosomal epitope tag upon Cre-induced recombination that can be immunoprecipitated following activation. We measured the abundance of actively translating mRNAs from a ribosomal pull-down that came from adult astrocyte (Aldh1l1-Cre)-specific TRAP mice that were subjected to one of three dietary conditions: four weeks of normal chow diet, four weeks of ketogenic diet (high-fat, low-carbohydrate)43, or an 18-hour fast. Immediately following the respective diets, forebrain and hippocampus was harvested from all groups, ribosomes were immunoprecipitated, and actively translating mRNAs in the ribosomes were purified.
2021-05-24 | GSE169625 | GEO