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APOE Protects Against Severe Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Restraining Production of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

ABSTRACT: APOE Protects Against Severe Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Restraining Production of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

PROVIDER: PRJNA1136892 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR29864816_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29864816_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29864817_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29864817_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29864818_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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APOE Protects Against Severe Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Restraining Production of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

Project description:Mice lacking apolipoprotein E (APOE, Apoe-/- mice) are highly susceptible to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) but the underlying immune dysregulation has been unclear. We found that Mtb infected Apoe-/- mice have significantly elevated levels of neutrophils in their lungs compared to controls and demonstrated that depleting neutrophils, depleting pDCs, blocking type1 interferon signaling, and blocking LTB4 receptor signaling all improved the outcome of Mtb-infected Apoe-/- mice. Neutrophils can undergo a specialized form of cell death termed NETosis in which activation of the enzyme PAD4 leads to extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs have been associated with severe tuberculosis in other mouse models and in humans but a role of NETs in the pathology has not been directly established. We demonstrate that blocking PAD4 activation leads to a decrease in NETs in the lungs and, strikingly, completely reverses the hypersusceptiblity of Apoe-/- mice.

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APOE Protects Against Severe Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> by Restraining Production of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.

Project description:While neutrophils are the predominant cell type in the lungs of humans with active tuberculosis (TB), they are relatively scarce in the lungs of most strains of mice that are used to study the disease. However, similar to humans, neutrophils account for approximately 45% of CD45+ cells in the lungs of Apoe -/- mice on a high-cholesterol (HC) diet following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We hypothesized that the susceptibility of Apoe -/- HC mice might arise from an unrestrained feed-forward loop in which production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) stimulates production of type I interferons by pDCs which in turn leads to the recruitment and activation of more neutrophils, and demonstrated that depleting neutrophils, depleting plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), or blocking type I interferon signaling, improved the outcome of infection. In concordance with these results, we found that Mtb-infected in Apoe -/- HC mice produce high levels of LTB4 and 12-HETE, two eicosanoids known to act as neutrophil chemoattractants and showed that blocking leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor signaling also improved the outcome of tuberculosis. While production of NETs has been associated with severe tuberculosis in other mouse models and in humans, a causative role for NETs in the pathology has not been directly established. We demonstrate that blocking the activation of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an enzyme critical to NET formation, leads to fewer NETs in the lungs and, strikingly, completely reverses the hypersusceptibility of Apoe -/- HC mice to tuberculosis.

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