Early-life human CD8+ T cells exhibit rapid, short-lived effector responses and a unique transcription factor landscape
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1223890 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Neonates and infants are distinct in their clinical and cellular responses to viral infections, with neonatal CD8+ T cells displaying innate-like characteristics and a lower threshold for T cell receptor (TCR) activation relative to adult counterparts. However, specific molecular programs that drive these unique responses are incompletely understood, particularly in humans, and targetable pathways to modulate viral illness in this vulnerable population remain to be elucidated. Early-life immune responses may be developmentally programmed to prioritize protection from tissue immunopathology, especially while protection is conferred by maternal immunoglobulin. We set out to define the unique response characteristics and transcription factor landscape of neonatal human CD8+ T cells. Here, we report evidence that naïve neonatal human CD8+ T cells are poised for an immediate effector switch, with elevations of KLRG1, FCER1G, CD226/DNAM1, granzymes A/K, TNF, IL-2, and glycolysis compared to naïve adult CD8+ T cells. Further, rapid proliferation and cell death occur upon activation of neonatal CD8+ T cells, with cell viability largely rescued by IL-2 or IL-7. These features are coupled with a unique transcription factor landscape, including high baseline and post-activation expression of thymocyte selection–associated high-mobility group box (TOX) and HELIOS (IKZF2). Additionally, we show that these glycolytic, effector and transcription signatures continue in postnatal life until at least two months of age. We conclude that early-life human CD8+ T cells have a unique transcription factor landscape and metabolic state associated with an immediate effector switch and short-lived effector program, revealing key nodes of regulation relevant for the unique immunobiology of neonatal humans.
2025-07-03 | GSE289647 | GEO
Project description:CHD7 promotes anti-viral short-lived effector CD8+ T cells
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Project description:CD8 effector T cells with a CD127hi KLRG1- phenotype are considered precursors to the long-lived memory pool, while KLRG1+ CD127low cells are viewed as short-lived effectors. Nevertheless, we and others have shown that a KLRG1+ CD127low population persists into the memory phase and that these T cells (termed long-lived effector cells or LLEC) display robust protective function during acute re-challenge with bacteria or viruses. Whether these T cells represent a true memory population or are instead a remnant effector cell population that failed to undergo initial contraction has remained unclear. Here, we show that LLEC from mice express a distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signature that shares characteristics of both early effectors and long-lived memory cells. Furthermore, we find that LLEC are exclusively derived from day 12 KLRG1+ effector cells. Our work challenges the concept that the KLRG1+ CD127low population is dominated by short-lived cells and shows that KLRG1 downregulation is not a prerequisite to become a long-lived protective memory T cell.
2020-08-26 | GSE152841 | GEO
Project description:CD8+ T cells differentiate into two subpopulations in response to acute viral infection: memory precursor effector cells (MPECs) and short-lived effector cells (SLECs). MPECs and SLECs are epigenetically distinct; however, the epigenetic regulators required for formation of these subpopulations are mostly unknown. Here we performed an in vivo CRISPR screen in murine naive CD8+ T cells to identify the epigenetic regulators required for MPEC and SLEC formation, using the acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong infection model. We identified the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding-protein-7 (CHD7) as a positive regulator of SLEC formation, as knockout (KO) of Chd7 reduced SLECs numerically. In contrast, KO of Chd7 increased the formation of central memory T cells following pathogen clearance yet attenuated memory cell expansion following a rechallenge. These findings establish CHD7 as a novel positive regulator of SLEC and negative regulator of central memory T cell formation.
2024-09-23 | GSE274735 | GEO
Project description:CD8+ T cells differentiate into two subpopulations in response to acute viral infection: memory precursor effector cells (MPECs) and short-lived effector cells (SLECs). MPECs and SLECs are epigenetically distinct; however, the epigenetic regulators required for formation of these subpopulations are mostly unknown. Here we performed an in vivo CRISPR screen in murine naive CD8+ T cells to identify the epigenetic regulators required for MPEC and SLEC formation, using the acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong infection model. We identified the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding-protein-7 (CHD7) as a positive regulator of SLEC formation, as knockout (KO) of Chd7 reduced SLECs numerically. In contrast, KO of Chd7 increased the formation of central memory T cells following pathogen clearance yet attenuated memory cell expansion following a rechallenge. These findings establish CHD7 as a novel positive regulator of SLEC and negative regulator of central memory T cell formation.
2024-09-23 | GSE274736 | GEO
Project description:CHD7 promotes anti-viral short-lived effector CD8+ T cells [RNA-seq]
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Project description:Rapid protein degradation enables cells to quickly modulate protein abundance in response to stimuli. Previous studies have generally sought to delineate basic features of proteome turnover. A focused map of short-lived proteins, however, remains a missing piece of the human proteome. To begin to address this, we combined cycloheximide chase assays with advanced high-throughput quantitative proteomics to map short-lived proteins in four genetically distinct human cell lines. Apparent half-lives of ≤ 8 hr were measured for 1,017 proteins. Systematic analyses revealed general properties of short-lived proteins (e.g., enriched in substrate recognition subunits of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, thermally instable, evolutionarily younger). We further quantified 103 proteins with widely different stabilities among cell lines. Of these, we show that truncated forms of ATRX and GMDS were expressed in U2OS and HCT116 cells, respectively, which had shorter half-lives than their full-length counterparts. This study provides a large-scale resource of human short-lived proteins in cultured cells, leading to untapped avenues of protein regulation for therapeutic intervention.
2022-02-07 | PXD024513 | Pride
Project description:Proliferating microglia exhibit unique transcriptional and functional alterations in Alzheimer’s disease
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Project description:Comparison of long-lived daf-2 pathway mutants with wild type/short-lived mutants. A: age-1 fer-15; fem-1 vs. fer-15; fem-1. B: age-1 fer-15; fem-1 vs. fer-15; fem-1. C: fer-15; daf-2(mu150); fem-1 vs. fer-15; fem-1. D: fer-15; daf-2(mu150); fem-1 vs. fer-15; fem-1. E: daf-16::gfp in daf-16(mu86);daf-2(e1370) vs. daf-16(mu86);daf-2(e1370). F: daf-2(e1368); fer-15; fem-1 vs. fer-15; fem-1. G: fer-15; daf-2(mu150); fem-1 vs. fer-15; fem-1. H: age-1 fer-15; fem-1 vs. fer-15; fem-1. I: fer-15; daf-2(mu150); fem-1 vs. fer-15; fem-1. J: daf-16::gfp in daf-2(e1370); daf-16(mu86) vs. daf-2(e1370); daf-16(mu86). K: daf-2(mu150) vs. wild type. L: daf-2(e1370) vs. daf-2(e1370); daf-16(mu86). M: daf-2(e1370) vs. daf-2(e1370); daf-16(mu86). N: daf-2(e1370) vs. daf-2(e1370); daf-16(mu86).
2003-07-17 | E-MEXP-7 | biostudies-arrayexpress