Cellular and molecular evolutionary mechanisms of retinal cells governing color vision perception
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1234492 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Insights into the cellular and molecular evolutionary mechanisms of retinal cells that govern color vision perception across various species are limited. In this study, we established a single-cell prediction (scPred) model to construct an atlas of single-cell retinas from multiple species and subsequently analyzed interspecies variations in the retinal cells of 24 different species. We identified conserved compositions and expression profiles of retinal cells, with photoreceptor cells, including rods, showing dynamic changes from lower to higher species. Moreover, we observed marked interspecies variations in opsin expression patterns and core transcriptional programs that regulate color vision in rods and cones. We also identified distinct cell metabolism patterns and key transcription factors influencing the cell functional difference of different cone types. Notably, our findings indicated an association between fatty acid biosynthesis and OPN1SW+ cones and OPN1MW+ cones, as well as an association between FOXO3 and OPN1LW+ cones across species.
2025-09-02 | GSE266415 | GEO
Project description:Insights into the cellular and molecular evolutionary mechanisms of retinal cells that govern color vision perception across various species are limited. In this study, we established a single-cell prediction (scPred) model to construct an atlas of single-cell retinas from multiple species and subsequently analyzed interspecies variations in the retinal cells of 24 different species. We identified conserved compositions and expression profiles of retinal cells, with photoreceptor cells, including rods, showing dynamic changes from lower to higher species. Moreover, we observed marked interspecies variations in opsin expression patterns and core transcriptional programs that regulate color vision in rods and cones. We also identified distinct cell metabolism patterns and key transcription factors influencing the cell functional difference of different cone types. Notably, our findings indicated an association between fatty acid biosynthesis and OPN1SW+ cones and OPN1MW+ cones, as well as an association between FOXO3 and OPN1LW+ cones across species.
2025-09-02 | GSE291611 | GEO
Project description:Cellular and molecular evolutionary mechanisms of retinal cells governing color vision perception
| PRJNA1107131 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundTo investigate the impact of exogenous covert attention on chromatic (blue and red) and achromatic visual perception in adults with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Exogenous covert attention, which is a transient, automatic, stimulus-driven form of attention, is a key mechanism for selecting relevant information in visual arrays.Methods30 adults diagnosed with ADHD and 30 healthy adults, matched on age and gender, performed a psychophysical task designed to measure the effects of exogenous covert attention on perceived color saturation (blue, red) and contrast sensitivity.ResultsThe effects of exogenous covert attention on perceived blue and red saturation levels and contrast sensitivity were similar in both groups, with no differences between males and females. Specifically, exogenous covert attention enhanced the perception of blue saturation and contrast sensitivity, but it had no effect on the perception of red saturation.ConclusionThe findings suggest that exogenous covert attention is intact in adults with ADHD and does not account for the observed impairments in the perception of chromatic (blue and red) saturation.
| S-EPMC4282194 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To explore the mechanisms governing the leaf color variations in Chinese orchids, we analyzed gene expression differences between a wild-type and an albino-type cultivar of Cymbidium longibracteatum
2018-04-03 | GSE100180 | GEO
Project description:Evolutionary traps are scenarios in which animals are fooled by rapidly changing conditions into preferring poor-quality resources over those that better improve survival and reproductive success. The maladaptive attraction of aquatic insects to artificial sources of horizontally polarized light (e.g., glass buildings, asphalt roads) has become a first model system by which scientists can investigate the behavioral mechanisms that cause traps to occur. We employ this field-based system to experimentally investigate (a) in which portion(s) of the spectrum are polarizationally water-imitating reflectors attractive to nocturnal terrestrial and aquatics insects, and (b) which modern lamp types result in greater attraction in this typical kind of nocturnal polarized light pollution. We found that most aquatic taxa exhibited preferences for lamps based upon their color spectra, most having lowest preference for lamps emitting blue and red light. Yet, despite previously established preference for higher degrees of polarization of reflected light, most aquatic insect families were attracted to traps based upon their unpolarized spectrum. Chironomid midges, alone, showed a preference for the color of lamplight in both the horizontally polarized and unpolarized spectra indicating only this family has evolved to use light in this color range as a source of information to guide its nocturnal habitat selection. These results demonstrate that the color of artificial lighting can exacerbate or reduce its attractiveness to aquatic insects, but that the strength of attractiveness of nocturnal evolutionary traps, and so their demographic consequences, is primarily driven by unpolarized light pollution. This focuses management attention on limiting broad-spectrum light pollution, as well as its intentional deployment to attract insects back to natural habitats.
| S-EPMC6346644 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rod-cone dystrophy (RCD), or retinitis pigmentosa, involves genetic conditions where rod degeneration precedes cone degeneration, resulting in tunnel vision and eventual blindness. Previous studies attempted to restore cone activity and prolong vision by expressing microbial chloride pumps in degenerating cone photoreceptors. However, microbial opsins require high expression and intense light, limiting their effectiveness. In this work, we explored the phototransduction cascade in degenerating cones in two RCD mouse models. We observed that opsin and arrestin expression persists in the soma during outer segment degeneration. This led us to hypothesize that reactivating cones based on cone opsin signaling may be possible by expressing a target channel activated by G proteins recruited by cone opsin. Through adeno-associated viral (AAV) mediated expression of the G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K (GIRK) channel, we achieved improvements in visual function in two RCD mouse models with mutations in different genes. Importantly, we validated the rationale of GIRK-mediated gene therapy in humans by confirming cone opsin and cone arrestin expression in cones of late-stage RCD patients. Our proposed approach involves GIRK channel expression in cones as a novel method to maintain high acuity, sensitivity, and color vision in RCD, independent of the underlying mutation.
2025-01-13 | GSE286529 | GEO
Project description:Refractive eye development is regulated by optical defocus in a process of emmetropization. Excessive exposure to negative optical defocus often leads to the development of myopia. However, it is still largely unknown how optical defocus is detected by the retina. Here, we used genome-wide RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to conduct analysis of the retinal genetic networks underlying contrast perception and refractive eye development. We report that the genetic network subserving contrast perception plays an important role in optical defocus detection and emmetropization. Our results demonstrate an interaction between contrast perception, the retinal circadian clock pathway and the signaling pathway underlying optical defocus detection. We also observe that the relative majority of genes causing human myopia are involved in the processing of optical defocus. Together, our results support the hypothesis that optical defocus is perceived by the retina using contrast as a proxy and provide new insights into molecular signaling underlying refractive eye development.
2021-06-03 | GSE158732 | GEO
Project description:For color vision, retinal circuits separate information about intensity and wavelength. In vertebrates that use the full complement of four “ancestral” cone types, the nature and implementation of this computation remain poorly understood. Here, we establish the complete circuit architecture of outer retinal circuits underlying color processing in larval zebrafish. We find that the synaptic outputs of red and green cones efficiently rotate the encoding of natural daylight in a principal components analysis–like manner to yield primary achromatic and spectrally opponent axes, respectively. Blue cones are tuned to capture most remaining variance when opposed to green cones, while UV cone present a UV achromatic axis for prey capture. We note that fruitflies use essentially the same strategy. Therefore, rotating color space into primary achromatic and chromatic axes at the eye’s first synapse may thus be a fundamental principle of color vision when using more than two spectrally well-separated photoreceptor types.
| S-EPMC8514090 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The inherent diversity of canines is closely intertwined with the unique color patterns of each dog population. These variations in color patterns are believed to have originated through mutations and selective breeding practices that occurred during and after the domestication of dogs from wolves. To address the significant gaps that persist in comprehending the evolutionary processes that underlie the development of these patterns, we generated and analyzed deep-sequenced genomes of 113 Korean indigenous Jindo dogs that represent five distinct color patterns to identify the associated mutations in CBD103, ASIP, and MC1R. The degree of linkage disequilibrium and estimated allelic ages consistently indicate that the black-and-tan dogs descend from the first major founding population on Jindo island, compatible with the documented literature. We additionally demonstrate that black-and-tan dogs, in contrast to other color variations within the breed, exhibit a closer genetic affinity to ancient wolves from western Eurasia than those from eastern Eurasia. Lastly, population-specific genetic variants with moderate effects were identified, particularly in loci associated with traits underlying body size and behavioral variations, potentially explaining the observed phenotypic diversity based on coat colors. Overall, comparisons of whole genome sequences of each coat color population diverged from the same breed provided an unprecedented glimpse into the properties of evolutionary processes maintaining variation in Korean Jindo dog populations that were previously inaccessible.
2024-04-05 | E-MTAB-13939 | biostudies-arrayexpress